细胞功能测定

The human placenta is a unique and still very poorly understood organ During gestation, it is responsible for performing most synthetic and transport functions that are necessary to ensure the normal growth and development of the fetus in utero. Subsequently, at birth it is discarded. Current ...

Long-term organ culture of human corneas offers a tool for conducting a variety of biochemical, histological, and wound-healing studies on human tissue in vitro. A requirement of any organ culture system is that cell differentiation and structural integrity of the tissue be maintained or e ...

The difficulty in obtaining a preparation of pure trophoblast cells for culture can be appreciated by understanding the structure of the placenta. The outer surface of the chorionic villi is covered by the syncytiotrophoblast, underlying which is a single cell layer of cytotrophoblast c ...

Cell cultures are indispensable to the study of human pituitary adenomas Nevertheless, in vitro studies of human pituitary adenomas have been hindered by the small amount of tissue available and by difficulties in establishing monolayer cultures using standard culture techniques ...

The renal medullary interstitial cell (RMIC) is a unique lipid containing cell found mainly in the renal medulla between the tubular and vascular structures (1). These highly specialized fibroblast-like cells are abundant in the inner medulla and papilla (2), and are thought to be responsib ...

Procedures for the culture of the human renal proximal tubule (HPT) cellutilizing explanted tissue have been previously reported by this laboratory (1). Several other investigators have also reported the isolation and culture of human renal tubule cells (2, and references therein). Al ...

An important approach in studies of normal, diseased, and malignant cells is their growth in culture. The isolation and subsequent culture of human eplderma1 melanocytes has been attempted since 1957 (1–5), but only since 1982 have pure normal human melanocyte cultures been reproducibly e ...

The pancreatic islet is a microorgan composed of four types of hormone-producing cells. In the human pancreas, the islets comprise about l–2%; of the pancreatic mass, and the islet number is approx 1−2 � 106. The majority of cells, which are mainly located in the center of the islet, are the insulin-produci ...

The enteric nervous system consists of two major plexi, the submucous (Meissner’s) lying between the circular muscle and mucosal layers, and the myenteric (Auerbach’s) between the circular and longitudinal muscle. In recent years, it has become apparent that the chemical coding of the neur ...

Uterine contractility and cervical tonicity change throughout the menstrual cycle and pregnancy in response to modifications in hormonal environment and tissue receptivity to hormones. The uterine wall consists of a smooth muscle (myometrium) organized into three layers. the i ...

The mucosal endocrine cells in the antrum are found as individual elements interspersed among the other epithelial cells (i.e., mucin cells) (Fig. 1). In order to establish the factors regulating endocrine cell function, these cells have to be separated not only from the surrounding epitheli ...

Abnormal proliferation of human vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMCs) is a central event in the development of atherosclerosis (1–3) As a result, there is considerable interest in the establishment of hVSMC cultures as a mode1 of this disease process However, it has been noted in the past (4,5) that ...

Skeletal muscle cells can be used in vitro for the study of myogenests, as well as in VIVO as gene-delivery vehicles for the therapy of muscle and nonmuscle diseases (1–9). These skeletal muscle cells are derived from muscle satellite cells, which he between the basal lamina and the sarcolemma of diffe ...

Several pieces of evidence have shown that osteoclasts (OCs) are derived from progenitors originating from hemopoietic stem cells (1–3). More specifically, early OC precursors seem to be closely related to the colony-forming unit for granulocytes and macrophages (CFU-GM) (3–5. Howev ...

The osteoclast is a large multinucleate cell formed from the fusion of mono-nuclear precursor cells of hemopoietic origin Unique markers of the osteoclast have been difficult to identify. Widely used techniques, such as histochemical location of tartrate-resistant acid phosphat ...

The most conspicuous function of the osteoblast is the formation of bone. During phases of active bone formation, osteoblasts synthesize bone matrix and prime it for subsequent mineralization. Active osteoblasts are plump, cuboidal cells rich in organelles involved in the synthesis a ...

More than 500 different mutations have been described to date on the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene (1). The most frequent mutation is the so-called ΔF508 mutation, which accounts for 30–50%;of CF chromosomes in southern European countries and for 50–80%; of CF chromosomes in the United States, Canada, A ...

For several years, tracheal gland cells have been cultured from different animal species, such as the cat (1), cow (2), and ferret (3). There are dlffer ences, however, in the structure and function of the various animal airways, rendering it difficult to extrapolate to humans. In this chapter, the auth ...

Gene transfer into airway epithelial cells becomes a particularly motivating goal as far as cystic fibrosis (CF) is concerned. As mentioned in Chapter 15, approx 90% of deaths caused by this devastating disease are the result of infections of the respiratory tract owing to dysfunction of the Cl- t ...

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most frequent (incidence around l/2500 live births) genetic cause of death among Caucasians. It is an autosomal recessive disorder compromising the secretory epithelia. Clinically, CF is a polymorphic disease showing abnormal functioning of the airways, t ...