细胞功能测定

A simulation environment for the numerical calculation of permeation processes through human skin has been developed. In geometry models that represent the actual cell morphology of stratum corneum (SC) and deeper skin layers, the diffusive transport is simulated by a finite volume me ...

Endothelial cells lining the vessels of the vasculature and the cell–cell junctions, which join them, �provide the primary barrier to the passage of fluids, immune cells, and macromolecules between the bloodstream and the tissues. Appropriate and dynamic regulation of this barrier is re ...

The endothelial barrier separates the inner blood compartment from the surrounding tissues. At the molecular level, adhesion molecules accumulate at the endothelial cell–cell junction and contribute to maintain vascular integrity. An increase in the endothelial permeabili ...

Increased microvascular solute permeability underlies many forms of pathophysiological conditions, including inflammation. Endothelial monolayer cultures provide an excellent model system which allows systemic and mechanistic study of endothelial barrier func ...

The use of an in vitro system based on primary cultures of Sertoli cells isolated from rat testes has greatly facilitated the study of the blood-testis barrier in recent years. Herein, we summarize the detailed procedures on the isolation of undifferentiated Sertoli cells from 20-day-old rat t ...

The testis is a heterogeneous organ that comprises a number of cell types, including germ cells at �different stages in their maturation, differentiated neighbor nursing cells, and endocrine somatic cells. Despite such cellular heterogeneity the testis is highly organized, with germ ...

The urothelium plays a critical role in the bladder as a permeability barrier to urine. Whereas it was once considered a simple physical barrier, it is increasingly evident that urothelium has a regulatory role in maintaining the barrier both through self-repair and by mediating the transpo ...

Epithelial surfaces of the body are a key component of host defense by providing a mechanical barrier against potentially harmful substances. The respiratory tract is constantly challenged by a wide range of airborne pathogens and particulates, and provides not only a mucosal barrier, b ...

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a specialized epithelium lying in the interface between the �neural retina and the choriocapillaris where it forms the outer blood–retinal barrier (BRB). The tight junctions (TJ)s expressed in the outer BRB control fluids and solutes that enter the r ...

Epithelial tissue guarantees proper performance of many organs, e.g., the kidneys, the gastrointestinal organs, and endocrine glands. Epithelial layers are responsible for the formation and maintenance of separate compartments with distinct solute composition. This is achie ...

Ouabain, a toxic of vegetal origin used for centuries to treat heart failure, has recently been demonstrated to have an endogenous counterpart, most probably ouabain itself, which behaves as a hormone. Therefore, the challenge now is to discover the physiological role of hormone ouabain. We h ...

Uracil–DNA glycosylases (UDG/UNG) are enzymes that remove uracil from DNA and initiate base-excision repair. These enzymes play a key role in maintaining genomic integrity by reducing the mutagenic events caused by G:C to A:T transition mutations. The recent finding that a family of RNA edit ...

Synchronized cells have been invaluable in many kinds of cell cycle and cell proliferation studies. Butyrate induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in Madin Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cells. We explore the possibility of using butyrate-blocked cells to obtain synchronized cells and we c ...

Upon fertilization, eggs shift their cell cycle from the meiotic to the mitotic pattern for embryogenesis. The information on chromosome formation has been accumulated by various experiments using inhibitors to affect formation and behavior of chromosomes in the cycle of cell prolif ...

Cell synchronization is often achieved by inhibition of DNA replication. The cells cultured in the presence of such inhibitors as hydroxyurea, aphidicolin, or thymidine become arrested at the entrance to S phase and upon release from the block they synchronously progress through S, G2, and M. We ...

Mammalian cells are amenable to study the regulation of cell cycle progression in vitro by shifting them into the same phase of the cycle. Procedures to arrest cultured cells in specific phases of the cell cycle may be termed in vitro synchronization. The procedure described here was developed for ...

DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) are lesions that covalently link the two strands of DNA. This type of DNA damage represents one of the most complex DNA lesions whose repair mechanisms remain largely unclear. Uncovering proteins involved in the processing of ICLs and understand how they in ...

In yeast like all eukaryotes, microtubules are a crucial element of the mitotic spindle that separates the genetic material during cell division. The assembly status and position of the mitotic spindle, as well as cytoplasmic microtubules, can be monitored easily using indirect immunof ...

Maintenance of genomic integrity is critical for the survival of organisms. Thus, mammalian cells employ a complex DNA damage response that can sense and repair DNA damage. One important aspect of the cellular DNA damage response is the activation of checkpoints that result in cell cycle arre ...

The most critical feature of the cellular response to DNA damage is the ability of the cell to pause and repair the damage so that detrimental mutations will not be passed along to future generations of cells. The cell cycle of mammalian cells is equipped with checkpoints that can prevent cell cycle pro ...