细胞功能测定

Osteoclasts originate from hematopoietic myeloid progenitors that differentiate into specialized multinucleated cells uniquely capable of resorbing bone in both physiological and pathological conditions. Osteoclast numbers and degradative activities increa ...

The important roles of lipids particularly certain phospholipids in signal transduction processes and as important disease markers are becoming increasingly evident. Unfortunately, however, sensitive methods of lipid analysis are established to a much lesser extent than, e.g ...

The use of NMR spectroscopy in lipid research has been traditionally reserved for the analysis and structural elucidation of discrete lipid molecules. Although NMR analysis of organic molecules provides a plethora of structural information that is normally unattainable by most ot ...

A gradient HPLC-charged aerosol detection method was applied to the measurement of different lipids including: free fatty acids, fatty alcohols, glycerides, steroids, phospholipids, and fat-soluble vitamins. An algal oil sample is used as an example. Charged aerosol detection offe ...

There has been a recent explosion in research concerning novel bioactive sphingolipids (SPLs) such as ceramide (Cer), sphingosine (Sph), and sphingosine 1-phosphate (Sph-1P) and this has necessitated the development of accurate and user-friendly methodology for analyzing and qu ...

Modern lipidomics relies heavily on mass spectrometry for the structural characterization and quantification of lipids of biological origins. Structural information is gained by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) whereby lipid ions are fragmented to elucidate lipid class, fat ...

Every organ compromises of several different cell types. When studying the effects of a chosen compound within this organ or tissue uptake, localisation, metabolism, and the effect itself can be expected to differ between cells. Using the example of Vitamin E in pulmonary tissue we introduce c ...

Lipases are responsible for the hydrolysis of acylglycerols and cholesteryl esters in animals, plants, and microorganisms. In this chapter we describe a tool for the concomitant analysis of lipases in complex proteomes. For this purpose, the target enzymes are selectively and covalen ...

Plant oil has become an important component in the search for a replacement for non-renewable energy sources, as well as being used for a wide range of industrial purposes, all in addition to its vital importance for human diet. Detailed knowledge of the lipid distribution in plants is fundamental f ...

In the last decades, free radical processes delineated an interdisciplinary field linking chemistry to biology and medicine. Free radical mechanisms became of importance as molecular basis of physiological and pathological conditions. Lipids, in particular, unsaturated fa ...

Very long chain fatty acids confer functional diversity on cells by variations in their chain length and degree of unsaturation. Microsomal fatty acid elongation represents the major pathway for determining the chain length of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fa ...

Quantitative analysis of components from different subcellular fractions is a key to the understanding of metabolic function as well as to the origin, the biogenesis, and the crosstalk of organelles. The yeast is an excellent model organism to address such questions from the biochemical, m ...

Adipose tissue development undergoes remodeling in terms of newly synthesized cells (hyperplasia) and newly synthesized lipids that accumulate in adipocytes (hypertrophy). Synthesis and/or breakdown rates of adipose cells and lipids follow a continuous and dynamic pattern, e ...

Vegetable oils are complex mixtures containing a wide range of major compounds. Triacylglycerols (TAGs; consisting of a glycerol moiety with each hydroxyl group esterified to a fatty acid) are the major components (95–98%) of vegetable oils. TAGs are an important source of energy and nutrit ...

In this chapter we are going to mention about three different approaches in lipidomics and how to effectively profile or calculate the amounts of phospholipids from major molecular species up to minor ones. 1) Precise identi

Lipidomics aim to generate qualitative and quantitative information on different classes of lipids and their species, and when applied in conjunction with proteomic and genomic assays, facilitate the comprehensive study of lipid metabolism in cellular, organ, or body systems. Adv ...

Membrane rafts are ordered microdomains of the plasma membrane consisting of cholesterol, sphingolipids, and saturated fatty acids which appear to regulate many cellular signaling pathways. One such type of membrane raft is caveolae, which are cave-like invaginations of the plasma ...

Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) provides a unique method to probe for chemical distributions within tissue sections with high chemical specificity. The direct analysis of tissue sections by mass spectrometry, which is the field of IMS, is relatively young, 10 year old; however, the techni ...

High-pressure liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS) has become a de facto standard analytical tool in lipidomic analyses of complex biological samples. This technique offers the best combination of selectivity and sensitivity among the currently available an ...

Lipidomics studies the large-scale changes in nonwater-soluble metabolites (lipids) accompanying perturbations of biological systems. Because lipids are involved in crucial biological mechanisms, there is a growing scientific interest in using lipidomic approaches to ...