细胞功能测定

Many experimental in vivo studies have indicated that Schwann cells are key facilitators of peripheral nerve regeneration but their clinical therapeutic potential may be limited. Recent advances suggest that stem cell therapy could one day be used to treat nerve traumas. We have shown how a ...

In vitro models of chondrocyte mechanobiology have been used to compare the intracellular signalling pathways altered in normal and osteoarthritis-affected cartilage. However, differences in the model system and type of loading configuration have led to complicated pathways. ...

The immune system is a network of cells in which the constitutive members interact through dense and sometimes overlapping connections. The extreme complexity of this network poses a significant challenge for monitoring pathological conditions (e.g., food allergies, autoimmun ...

Powerful methods in molecular biology are abundant; however, in many fields including hematology, stem cell biology, tissue engineering, and cancer biology, data from tools and assays that analyze the average signals from many cells may not yield the desired result because the cells of inte ...

Single-cell analysis using chemical methods, otherwise known as chemical cytometry, promises to provide significant leaps in understanding signaling processes which result in cellular behavior. Sensitive methods for chemical cytometry such as capillary electrophores ...

Flow cytometry and microscopy are perhaps the two most commonly used techniques for analyzing single cells. Both techniques are typically robust and provide a high throughput analysis of living and/or fixed cells. The techniques are often combined with fluorescent labeling of cells, us ...

Laser capture microdissection (LCM) allows for the isolation of small tissue fractions from heterogeneous tissue sections, for downstream genetic or proteomic analysis without contamination by the surrounding tissue. This technique can also be successfully used for the isola ...

This book chapter aims at providing an overview of all the aspects and procedures needed to develop a droplet-based workflow for single-cell analysis (see Fig. 10.1). The surfactant system used to stabilize droplets is a critical component of droplet microfluidics; its properties define t ...

Screening of antigen-specific antibody-producing cells is a key step for obtaining antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies. In murine system, hybridoma between B-lymphocytes and myeloma cells is used to screen and produce antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies. In human sy ...

Raman Tweezers is a technique that combines optical trapping with Raman spectroscopy and has enabled the spectroscopic analysis of single cells. Applications of this technique include the identification and discrimination of different types of cells, including healthy and non- ...

Single-cell microinjection, as a mechanical delivery tool, has been used for transferring substances into transfection or infection challenging cells. Here, we discuss the advantages and applications of microinjection, list the materials needed for performing microinject ...

Ultrasonic manipulation has emerged as a simple and powerful tool for trapping, aggregation, and separation of cells. During the last decade, an increasing amount of applications in the microscale format has been demonstrated, of which the most important is acoustophoresis (continu ...

In order to better understand cellular processes and behavior, a controlled way of studying high numbers of single cells and their clone formation is greatly needed. This chapter describes a microwell plate with 672 wells in a standard array/slide format, applied for single-cell culture and ...

Measuring the electrical properties of a cell provides a fast and accessible means of identifying or characterizing cells whose biological state differs from the population as a whole. This chapter describes a microfluidic method for characterizing the electrical properties of ce ...

Electroporation is a powerful technique to increase the permeability of cell membranes and subsequently introduce foreign materials into cells. Pores are created in the cell membrane upon application of an electric field (kV/cm). Most applications employ bulk electroporation, at ...

In vitro culture of mammalian cells is fundamental to various biological studies such as single cell analysis, pathological research, and drug/therapy development. However, there are limitations with the current in vitro cell culture methods. Cells tend to lose their specific functi ...

Stochastic events in gene expression, protein synthesis, and metabolite synthesis or degradation lead to cellular heterogeneity essential to life. In a tissue as we see in organs, there is strong heterogeneity among the constituting cells critical to its function. Thus, there exists a str ...

Padlock probes and rolling circle amplification are techniques which can be used for detection of DNA sequences in situ with high specificity and high signal to noise. The single-cell gel electrophoresis assay is used to measure DNA damage and repair in cells. Here, we describe how padlock probes ...

Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacteria that infects the human stomach of half of the world’s �population. Colonization is followed by infiltration of the gastric mucosa by lymphocytes and myeloid cells. These cells are activated by various bacterial factors, causing them to pr ...

Acrolein and H2O2 are among the metabolic products of spermine and spermidine, and it was found that acrolein was more toxic than H2O2. It was determined whether acrolein can serve as a biochemical marker for stroke (brain infarction) and chronic renal failure. Since acrolein rapidly reacts wi ...