细胞功能测定

The study and investigation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumour initiating cells (TICs) have received enormous attention over the 10 years. CSCs are rare, quiescent and capable of self-renewing and maintaining tumour growth and heterogeneity. Better understanding of CSCs will no doubt l ...

Nanolabeling is an invaluable novel technique in biology to detect and characterize different parts of biological systems including microscopic entities, viz., cells inside the living systems. Stem cells (SCs) are multipotent cells with the potential to differentiate into bone, ca ...

The majority of epithelial cells in the distal lung of rodents and humans are quiescent in vivo, yet certain cell populations retain an intrinsic capacity to proliferate and differentiate in response to lung injury or in appropriate culture settings, thus giving them properties of stem/pr ...

The study of adult stem cell populations provides insight into the mechanisms that regulate tissue maintenance in normal physiology and many disease states. With an impressive rate of epithelial renewal driven by a pool of multipotent stem cells, the intestine is a particularly advantag ...

Proliferation in mouse oesophageal epithelial cells is confined to the basal layer of the epithelium. Within this population, it is possible to discriminate different sub-populations using a combination of cell kinetic studies and functional assays. In particular, it is possible to d ...

Although stem cells are commonly isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting or magnetic affinity cell sorting, they are very expensive, and they need known markers. However, there is no specific marker for liver stem/progenitor cells (LSPCs). Here, we describe a convenient and eff ...

Hematopoietic stem cells are defined by their ability to self-renew and differentiate through progenitor cell stages into all types of mature blood cells. Gene-targeting studies in mice have demonstrated that many genes are essential for the generation and function of hematopoietic ...

The tubal/uterine lumen is a dynamic environment in which oocytes, eggs, and early embryos are submitted to different forces generated by cilia and peristaltic flow of tubal fluid. The movement of the tubal/uterine fluid, the chemical diversity, and their interaction produce a unique envi ...

The first tissue culture media were developed nearly 150 years ago by Ludwig and Ringer. These were simple salt solutions, which were initially based on the chemical properties of blood serum. The second generation of culture media was developed more than a century later, in the 1970s, aiming to mim ...

Many aspects of the embryo culture environment have been shown to affect embryo development and the subsequent outcomes of human ART. It is now becoming increasingly evident that embryo and later development can be affected by events and conditions that occur before, perhaps long before, the ...

Mineral oil overlay microdrop is commonly used during in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures. Though mineral oil appears homogeneous, it is an undefined product that can vary in quality. Here, we describe the history, chemistry, processing, and optimal use of mineral oil for IVF and embryo cu ...

Poor laboratory air quality is a known hazard to the culture of human gametes and embryos. Embryologists and chemists have employed analytical methods for identifying and measuring bulk and select air pollutants to assess the risk they pose to the embryo culture system. However, contamina ...

Embryo density is defined as the embryo-to-volume ratio achieved during in vitro culture; in other words, it is the number of embryos in a defined volume of culture medium. The same density can be achieved by manipulating either the number of embryos in a given volume of medium, or manipulating the volume ...

The tension of oxygen measured in the oviducts of several mammals was 5–8.7 %, but this drops in the uterine milieu to

During the 1970s, domestic animal biotechnology, i.e., embryo transfer in farm animals, was confronted with the problem of embryonic developmental arrest observed in vitro, especially during the cycle in which maternal to zygotic transition (MZT) cycle takes place. In farm animals, obta ...

Methods for the culture of preimplantation human embryos evolved primarily from those used for mouse embryos. The initial method was usually culture in a single medium in microdrops of medium under oil for 2–3 days before transfer. Subsequently, extended culture over the whole preimplant ...

Culture media to support development of zygotes to the blastocyst stage is based either on a single medium or sequential (two-step) media. Single medium culture either with or without day 3 renewal is associated with simplified laboratory protocols and lower costs compared with sequenti ...

Despite the fact that the fundamental principle underlying the most common method of culture media constitution is that of mimicking the natural environment of the preimplantation embryo, one major difference that remains between current embryo culture media and in vivo conditions ...

The proper pH of media is a crucial parameter for optimizing efficacy of gamete and embryo culture. Selecting the right media pH and stabilizing this pH are important variables in minimizing intracellular stress and optimizing development. Regulation of intracellular (pHi) and extra ...

Every program of assisted reproduction strives to maximize pregnancy outcomes from in vitro fertilization and selecting an embryo culture medium, or medium pair, consistent with high success rates is key to this process. The common approach is to replace an existing medium with a new one of int ...