前沿科技及其它

During the last decade, gene expression microarrays and array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array–CGH) have unraveled the complexity of human tumor genomes more precisely and comprehensively than ever before. More recently, the simultaneous assessment of global ...

During the development of tumors, autoantibodies against aberrant or overexpressed autoantigens can be induced. Several hundreds of tumor-associated autoantibodies (TAAB) with more or less specificity for tumors have been found until now by molecular cloning and proteomics te ...

In the post-genomic era, proteomic strategies are at the forefront of cancer research. By studying the complement of all expressed genes, proteomics aims to provide knowledge of biomarkers indicative of the physiological state of cancer cells at a specific time, enabling screening, early ...

Identification of hereditary factors that predispose to cancer allows targeted cancer screening and better quantification of environmental risk factors. The ability to identify which single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with cancer or segregate with dise ...

Tumor-specific and germ-line variations of DNA significantly contribute to tumor growth and its ability to develop resistance. Among several mechanisms that cause resistance to cancer treatment, the genotype of certain growth factors, like epidermal growth factor receptor (EG ...

Calibration of microarray measurements aims at removing systematic biases from the probe-level data to get expression estimates that linearly correlate with the transcript abundance in the studied samples. The improvement of calibration methods is an essential prerequisite f ...

DNA microarray profiles are plagued by the issue of large number of variables but small number of samples and are often notorious for their low signal-to-noise ratio for clinical applications. Therefore, a great need for meta-analysis techniques is emerging to yield more valid and informat ...

Superior-quality human tissues are required to support many types of biomedical research. To be useful optimally in supporting research, not only must these tissues be accurately diagnosed, but also the specific aliquots of tissue supplied to investigators must be accurately descri ...

Within the past decade, the field of gene expression analysis has constantly evolved, with numerous technologies being available for RNA quantification, including differential display, serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), quantitative real-time (qRT) polymerase chain ...

With an estimated annual incidence of between 250,000 and 1 million cases worldwide, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent malignancies in humans and occurs mainly in areas of Asia and Africa (1,2). Early diagnosis is critical for patients with HCC, because the 5-yr survival r ...

With the recent publication of the human genome sequence, there has been an expanse of publicly available resources for pharmacogenomics research. Early estimates predicted that over 3 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are present in the human genome, with over 1.42 mill ...

Hepatic carcinogenesis is a complex process that involves profound alterations of the hepatocyte genome (1,2) and has been graded in three stages: induction, promotion, and progression in the animal models (3–5). In recent years, the use of molecular biology techniques have improved sign ...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common human malignancies in the world and it is especially prevalent in Asia and Africa (1). Some tumors are suitable for resection, however, there is a very high rate of recurrence (2). Infection with hepatitis B or C virus, alcoholic cirrhosis, and in ...

In recent years, the most commonly observed genetic alteration in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as in many other tumors affecting man, has been reported to be the mutation of the p53 coding gene (1,2). This gene has the features of a recessive oncosuppressor in its wild-type form and can be a dominant o ...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the seventh most common cancer in men and the ninth in women with an estimated incidence of about 1 million per year worldwide. HCC also accounts for 90% of all primary hepatic malignancies, and in most cases, appears to be a consequence of chronic infection of the liver ...

The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) constitute a large family of zincand calcium-dependent endopeptidases that cleave extracellular matrix components (1). Hence, MMPs are classified according to their substrate specificities: interstitial collagenases, stromel ...

A goal of cancer research is to develop therapies that can selectively kill tumor cells without adversely affecting normal cells. In the case of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), there is a possibility that this goal may be achieved by introducing a cytotoxic gene under the control of transcrip ...

Adenoviruses are medium-sized nonenveloped DNA tumor viruses whose genome consists of a linear double-stranded DNA molecule of about 36 Kb (reviewed in refs. 1–3). Adenoviruses have icosahedral geometry with a diameter of approx 70-100 nm. Currently, over 100 different mammalian and fo ...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer death worldwide and is especially prevalent in certain areas of Africa and Asia. The most important etiological factor is infection with the hepatitis B or C virus. Treatment is generally unsatisfactory as the majority ...

This chapter describes the method of preparing and observing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and surrounding normal liver cells infected with therapeutically p 53-transfected adenovirus (Ad-p 53), so that morphology of the cells and viruses, and crucially their relationships to e ...