前沿科技及其它

Given the complexity of morphological presentation and variability in clinical outcomes observed in �epithelial cancers, it is important to understand how genomic perturbations and resultant molecular aberrations lead to acquisition of tumorigenic phenotypes. Complex 3D ...

Ultrasonography is a powerful imaging modality that enables noninvasive, real-time visualization of abdominal organs and tissues. This technology may be adapted for use in mice through the utilization of higher frequency transducers, allowing for extremely high-resolution i ...

With the establishment of outstanding rodent models of pancreatic neoplasia and cancer, there are now systems available for evaluating the role diet, dietary supplements, and/or therapeutic compounds (which can be delivered in the diet) play in disease suppression. Several outstan ...

Genetically engineered mouse models of pancreatic cancer that recapitulate human pancreatic tumorigenesis have been established. However, the cost associated with generating and housing these mice can be �prohibitive. Tumor latency and progression to invasive diseases in t ...

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is typically a fatal disease due to its rapid growth and the lack of early diagnostic �techniques. Because approximately 10% of PCs are attributable to a hereditary susceptibility, identifying and studying patients with a family history of PC or known genetic predisp ...

The quantification of submicroscopic minimal residual disease (MRD) after therapy proved to have independent prognostic significance in many mature B-cell malignancies. With the advent of routine bench-top cytometers capable of simultaneously analyzing ≥4 colors and with im ...

Recent research has revealed the existence of subsets (clusters) of patients with different types of B-cell lymphomas and leukemias with restricted, “stereotyped” immunoglobulin (IG) variable heavy complementarity-determining region 3 (VH CDR3) sequences within their B cell ...

Chromosomal translocations involving the immunoglobulin (IG) loci are frequently seen in most subtypes of B-cell malignancy and have both diagnostic and prognostic utility. These translocations can be detected in clinical samples by several techniques including metaphase c ...

The cells of the adaptive immune system, B and T lymphocytes, each generate a unique antigen receptor through V(D)J recombination of their immunoglobulin (Ig) and T cell receptor (TCR) loci, respectively. Such rearrangements join coding elements to form a coding joint and delete the interven ...

The majority of lymphomas originate from B cells at the germinal center stage or beyond. Preferential selection of B cell clones by a limited set of antigens has been suggested to drive lymphoma development. However, little is known about the specificity of the antibodies expressed by lymphoma ...

The assessment of the presence of clonal lymphoproliferations via polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based analysis of rearranged immunoglobulin (Ig) or T-cell receptor (TCR) genes is a valuable technique in the diagnosis of suspect lymphoproliferative disorders. Furthermore ...

Normal and malignant B cells carry rearranged immunoglobulin (Ig) variable region genes, which due to their practically limitless diversity represent ideal clonal markers for these cells. We describe here an approach to isolate single cells from frozen tissue sections by microdiss ...

Multiparametric flow cytometry is a powerful diagnostic tool that permits rapid assessment of cellular antigen expression to quickly provide immunophenotypic information suitable for disease classification. This chapter describes a general approach for the identific ...

Immunoglobulin (Ig) gene remodeling by V(D)J recombination plays a central role in the generation of normal B cells, and somatic hypermutation and class switching of Ig genes are key processes during antigen-driven B cell differentiation. However, errors of these processes are involved ...

High-throughput mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) uses massively parallel sequencing to allow an unbiased analysis of both genome-wide transcription levels and mutation status of a tumor. In the RNA-seq method, complementary DNA (cDNA) is used to generate short sequence reads by immobilizi ...

The herpesviruses Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpesvirus 8 and the retrovirus human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 are directly implicated in the pathogenesis of lymphoma and leukemia in man. EBV is associated with an expanding spectrum of lymphomas and it would appear likely that addi ...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in development, differentiation, homeostasis, and also in diseases such as lymphoma. This chapter describes methods to study the role of miRNAs in lymphoma. First, we describe a multiplex RT reaction followed by qPCR that can be used to determine diff ...

RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved posttranscriptional gene silencing mechanism that has recently emerged as a breakthrough genetic tool in functional genomics and drug target discovery. An increasing number of studies applying RNAi in high-throughput screens have begun to u ...

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) is a powerful and robust technique allowing the visualization of target sequences like genes in interphase nuclei. It is widely used in routine diagnostics to identify cancer specific aberrations including lymphoma associated translo ...

Through the genome-wide characterization of a cell type’s transcriptome, gene expression profile analysis provides a potent tool for analyzing the pathogenesis of lymphomas and has had a major impact on the understanding of lymphoid neoplasia. The analysis of gene expression patter ...