前沿科技及其它

Combined single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) and heteroduplex (HD) analysis (SSCP–HD) take advantage of parallel mutation detection in single-strand and duplex fraction during the single capillary electrophoresis (CE) run. The high mutation detection rate of ...

The candidate gene approach is one of the most commonly used methods for identifying genes underlying disease traits. Advances in genomics have greatly contributed to the development of this approach in the past decade. More recently, with the explosion of genomic resources accessible v ...

The identification of novel cancer susceptibility syndromes and genes from very limited numbers of study individuals has become feasible through the use of high-throughput genotype microarrays. With such an approach, highly sensitive genome-wide computational methods are ne ...

Cancers are commonly characterized as having an abnormal number of chromosomes, termed aneuploidy, which arise due to genomic instability. There is still debate over whether aneuploidy is a driving force of the disease or a resulting phenotype; however, the presence of aneuploidy can be us ...

Genomic imbalances in locus copy-number are highly significant for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Rapidly progressing DNA microarray technologies detect such pathogenic copy-number changes in the genome with high throughput, efficiency, and resolution. A variety of dif ...

Alterations in the genome that lead to changes in DNA sequence copy number are a characteristic of Glioblastomas (GBs). Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) is a high-throughput technology that allows the hybridization of genomic DNA onto convention ...

Epidemiological evidence from different studies has shown that genes harboring sequence variations may modify breast cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Current attempts to identify genetic modifiers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 associated risk have focused on a candidate gene ...

Recent studies have indicated that in ∼35% of all colorectal cancer (CRC) cases, the CRC was inherited. Although a number of high-risk familial variants have been identified, these mutations explain

Selection for genetic testing for pathogenic mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 is an important area of healthcare. While testing costs for mutational analysis are falling, costs of tests in North America remain in excess of $3,000. Most countries state that there should be at least a 10–20% likelihood of ...

MicroRNA (miRNA) is a nonprotein coding small RNA molecule that negatively regulates gene expression by degradation of mRNA or suppression of mRNA translation. MiRNA plays important roles in physiological processes such as cellular development, differentiation, proliferat ...

MicroRNAs are short single-stranded RNA molecules (18–25 nucleotides). Because of their ability to silence gene expressions, they can be used to diagnose and treat tumors. Experimental construction of microRNA libraries was the most important step to identify microRNAs from animal t ...

Aberrant expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and/or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a feature of many human tumors and is associated with disease progression, treatment resistance, and poor prognosis. Protein kinase B/Akt, an important downstr ...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are postulated to be important regulators in various cancers, including leukemia. In a large-scale miRNA expression profiling analysis of 435 human miRNAs in 52 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples, we found that miR-126 and its minor counterpart in biogenesis, n ...

Epigenetic gene regulation is important in human cancer. Both functional and observational data implicate alterations of histone modifications, DNA promoter methylation, and non-coding RNA expression in carcinogenic roles. We sought to explore the role of aberrant DNA hyperme ...

The multiple-target AMO technology or MT-AMO technology is an innovative strategy, which confers on a single AMO fragment the capability of targeting multiple miRNAs. This modified AMO is single-stranded 2′-O-methyl-modified oligoribonucleotides carrying multiple AMO units, ...

MiRNA-masking antisense oligonucleotides technology (miR-mask) is an anti-microRNA antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide (AMO) approach of a different sort. A standard miR-mask is single-stranded 2′-O-methyl-modified oligoribonucleotide (or other chemically mod ...

Changes in the structure and/or the expression of protein-coding genes were thought to be the major cause of cancer for many decades. However, the recent discovery of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) transcripts suggests that the molecular biology of cancer is far more complex. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key ...

MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNA molecules that are involved in diverse physiological and developmental processes by controlling the gene expression of target mRNAs. They play important roles in almost all kinds of cancer where they modulate key processes during tumorigenesis su ...

The discovery of small regulatory RNA molecules during the last years has changed our understanding of many biological and pathological processes. The most prominent and best analyzed class of these small regulatory noncoding RNAs is composed of the microRNAs. The analysis of microRNA e ...

Experimental identification provides a valuable yet slow and expensive method for predicting novel miRNA genes. With the advent of computational procedures, it is now possible to capture characteristic features of miRNA biogenesis in an in silico model, resulting thereafter in the f ...