前沿科技及其它

Prostate cancer is now the most common malignancy and the second highest cause of cancer death of men in Western society. It has a reasonably slow doubling time, is initially androgen dependent (AD) or androgen sensitive (AS), produces prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and prostate specific m ...

An appropriate model to study the complex process of prostate tumorigenesis needs to reflect at least some aspects of the human disease presented in the clinic. The progression of prostate cancer includes the development of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN, the ...

According to the American Cancer Society, adenocarcinoma of the prostate is the most common newly-diagnosed cancer in men and was the secondleading cause of cancer-related death in men more than 60 yr of age in the year 2000 (1). Much of the morbidity and mortality associated with prostate cancer is t ...

Cell culture utilizes a number of core techniques, and although there can be marked diversity in how these procedures are practiced, there are elements and features that are universally applied. This chapter describes some of the essential techniques and provides typical protocols. It is a ...

Cell culture is practiced extensively throughout the world today. The techniques required to allow cells to grow and be maintained outside the body have been developed throughout the 20th century. In the 50 years since the publication of the first human cancer cell line, HeLa (1), thousands of cell ...

The requirement for authentication of cell lines has a history almost as long as cell culturing itself, presumably beginning when more then one cell line could be cultured continuously. The application of specific species markers, including cell-surface antigens and chromosomes, sh ...

The ability to establish cell cultures from primary tumors and metastases of prostate cancer in a reliable and consistent manner is a valuable tool for studying the biology of these tumors and evaluating the effectiveness of novel therapies. A procedure to propagate human prostatic epith ...

The total number of human tumor cell lines is probably too great to count accurately, but given the established sum from hematopoietic tumors alone, over 1000 known samples (1), the grand total may well exceed 10,000. Because only a minority of these cell lines are in regular use, individuals describ ...

The availability of continuous human leukemia cell lines as a rich resource of abundant, accessible, and manipulable living cells has contributed significantly to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of hematopoietic tumors (1). The first malignant hematopoietic cell l ...

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer of the female reproductive system with 1 in every 70 women developing the disease. In the United States for the year 2000, there were projected to be approx 23,000 diagnoses and 14,000 deaths from ovarian cancer (1). Most patients present with dise ...

Sixty percent of all intracranial neoplasms are of glial origin. As a result of their infiltrative growth and heterogeneity, standard treatment (surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy) is noncurative (2,2). Patient survival is poor and has not significantly improved over the past 20 y ...

Since the dawn of mankind, there has been cancer. From so simple a beginning, cancer, in all of its forms and complexities, has become the second leading cause of death in the United States. It is responsible for one out of four deaths, and totaled 549,838 (23% of all deaths) for the year 1999 (1). It is estimated that it wi ...

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, and an estimated 148,300 cases will occur in 2002, representing approx 11.5% of all new cancers. In men and women, colorectal cancer incidence declined between the mid-1980s and the mid-1990s and stabili ...

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents approximately 2% of all cancers and accounts for 85% of renal cancers in adults. There are more than 30,000 new cases per year and in excess of 12,000 deaths in the United States (1). RCC is rare in the first two decades of life, comprising only 2% of pediatric tumors. The incid ...

Apoptosis is the name given to a normal cell process—that of programmed cell death. As the term implies, this is normally a well controlled and highly regulated series of events leading to the elimination of an “unwanted” cell. Without this process, many stages of embryogenesis would not be complete ...

Although cell death is often seen as a pathological process, there are classically two types of cell death in biological systems, namely necrosis (accidental cell death) and apoptosis (programmed cell death). Although it was recognized from the early fifties that cell death was a natural pro ...

Several methods exist for the detection of apoptosis using features of the cell as it undergoes the various stages leading to the death of the cell (1,2). One of the earliest uses of flow cytometry was the detecting of a sub-G0 peak in the DNA histogram that showed fragmentation of the nucleus (3). The terminal ...

Interactions with cell adhesion molecules determine the organization of tissues and mediate precise cell migrations during embryonic development, inflammation, the immune response, and wound repair (1–6). They are involved in the regulation of gene expression, growth, and diffe ...

A key feature of malignant cells is their capacity to invade surrounding tissue and metastasize to distant sites (1,2). The process of metastasis involves a complex series of events that include cell transformation and proliferation, vascular invasion at primary growth site with associ ...

Cell migration underlies fundamental features of embryonic development, wound healing, immune cell trafficking, and pathological processes such as cancer metastasis (1–3). Techniques that assess the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of cell migration afford insight in ...