影像系统

Laser microdissection is an essential method for the investigation of the multistep carcinogenic process in the urinary bladder. Reliable detection of tumor-specific alterations which can be compromised by the presence of normal cells, requires microdissection of pure tumor ce ...

Laser-based microdissection technologies have been recently developed and applied to procure homogenous populations of tumor cells from paraffin-embedded and frozen tissue sections. When combined with whole-genomic amplification techniques, sufficient amounts of D ...

Efficient detection of somatic mutations is important for the development of clinical molecular diagnostic assays. However, the detection of somatic mutations in tissue is confounded by dilution of the tumor cell population by normal cells. Laser microdissection allows enrichm ...

Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) is a powerful screening technique that can identify regions of gain and loss within the whole genome in a single experiment. The combination of laser capture microdissection, whole-genome amplification, and CGH permits genomic screening w ...

This chapter describes a method for the rapid assessment of gene copy number in laser microdissected material using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Here a putative oncogene (ZNF217) was evaluated in a series of colon tumors, but the method is applicable to any locus for wh ...

We have found methacarn, a non-crosslinking protein-precipitating fixative, to be useful for the analysis of DNA from microdissected specimens of wax-embedded tissue. In this chapter, we present the procedure regarding genomic DNA analysis in methacarnfixed wax-embedded micro ...

The development and application of laser-based tissue microdissection techniques has provided a major impetus to the sensitive and specific molecular analysis of solid tissues and tumors. This chapter provides an overview of the different laser-based microdissection systems ...

Early detection of cancer and metastases is pivotal to the success of subsequent treatment intervention. In recent years, the use of live microorganisms, such as viruses and bacteria, has gained substantial research and clinical interest in both detection and therapy of cancer. Many of the ...

Virally-directed fluorescence imaging has the potential to revolutionize intra-operative oncologic staging and tumor resection. Many viruses genetically engineered to specifically infect tumor cells as cancer therapy can be further modified to have a visible marker gene for ...

In this chapter, we describe protocols for clinically-relevant, metastatic orthotopic mouse models of pancreatic cancer, made imageable with genetic reporters. These models utilize human pancreatic-cancer cell lines which have been genetically engineered to selectively e ...

3D imaging of genetically-engineered fluorescent tumors enables quantitative monitoring of tumor growth/regression, metastatic processes, including during anticancer therapy in real-time. Fluorescent tumor models for 3D imaging require stable expression of geneti ...

Peritoneal metastasis is the most important prognostic factor for gastric and ovarian cancer patients. The protocol in this chapter presents in vivo imaging procedures capable of examining the development of peritoneal metastasis from the micrometastasis stage to the advanced s ...

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive human malignancies. One of the leading causes of pancreatic cancer death is metastasis. The early stages of tumor progression and micrometastasis formation have been difficult to analyze and have been hampered by the inability to identify sm ...

In vivo angiogenesis assays provide more physiologically relevant information about tumor vascularization than in vitro studies because they take the complex interactions among cancer cells, endothelial cells, mural cells, and tumor stroma into consideration. Traditional ...

Tumor-specific replication-competent viruses represent a novel approach for the treatment of neoplastic disease. These vectors can be used to directly label tumor cells in vivo, as they are designed to selectively replicate within such cells. To target cancer cells, there is a need for tiss ...

Methods for the construction of electrochemical composite biosensors using gold nanoparticles and Teflon as nonconducting-binding material are described in detail. The advantages of the incorporation of gold nanoparticles to the composite electrode matrices are highlig ...

A model immunosensor based on a labeling method using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and electrochemical detection is developed. Microparamagnetic beads (MB) as primary antibody immobilization platforms and AuNPs modified with a secondary antibody as high sensible electroche ...

In this chapter, method of fabricating a cantilever biosensors and their use in measuring the presence of a protein is described. There are many variations in construction of a cantilever sensor. A simple and an easy version is described in this chapter. The specificity of the sensor is obtained by im ...

Microcantilevers based-biosensors are a new label-free technique that allows the direct detection of biomolecular interactions in a label-less way and with great accuracy by translating the biointeraction into a nanomechanical motion. Low cost and reliable standard silicon te ...

Piezoelectric quartz crystals serve as resonator-based transducers for direct and real-time monitoring of immunoaffinity interactions. The measuring system is briefly characterized; several examples for immobilization of antibodies are recommended. The piezoelec ...