神经生物学

一项最新发表在《Cell Reports》上的研究中，日本的科学家们成功地将nVista™神经元超微成像技术与转基因猴技术结合，实现了在狨猴自由活动的状态下对运动皮层神经元的记录与分析。

Fmr1基因敲除小鼠前扣带回中受损的突触前长时程增强效应

惊跳反射（Startle reflex），又称震惊反射或惊反射，是动物被突发性的强感觉刺激诱发的一种防御性反射，表现为面部及躯体肌肉的快速收缩，之后往往还伴随着当下行为的中止以及心率的增加。这样的反应模式能由听觉、视觉、触觉等多种感觉模式所诱发，表现出了很大的可塑性和行为的多样性，具有一种应对掠食者伤害的防御性功能，在人类也是应对意外刺激或遇到险情时的一种避险保护反应。惊跳反射还是衡量各种认知、注意、感觉和感觉运动 ...

EchoMRI在肥胖与青春期发育神经调控研究中的应用LeptinSignalinginKiss1NeuronsArisesafterPubertalDevelopment背景：来源于脂肪细胞的瘦素在人类和小鼠的青春期发育中起着重要作用，联系着能量存储和青春期发育的开始。研究表明瘦素通过弓状核中表达kisspeptin的神经细胞来发挥调节作用。本文进一步研究了瘦素单独作用于Kiss1细胞能否启动小鼠青春 ...

Our group recently provided evidence for the presence of neural stem cells and/or progenitor cells in the adult human spinal cord. In this chapter, we review materials and methods to harvest high-quality samples of thoracolumbar, lumbar, and sacral adult human spinal cord from brain-dead pa ...

Adult neural precursor cells are an essential part of the brain, and a focus of two decades of intense research (Ming and Song, Neuron 70:687–702, 2011). Even though adult human stem/progenitor cells have been identified early on (Kirschenbaum et al., Cereb Cortex 4:576–589, 1994; Eriksson et al., Nat M ...

NSCs have been demonstrated to be very useful in grafts into the mammalian central nervous system to investigate the exploitation of NSC for the therapy of neurodegenerative disorders in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. To push cell therapy in CNS on stage of clinical applica ...

Whereas neural stem cells and their niches have been extensively studied in the brain, little is known on these cells, their environment and their function in the adult spinal cord. Adult spinal cord neural stem cells are located in a complex niche surrounding the central canal and these cells expr ...

It is now well established that a resident population of neural precursor cells continues to generate new neurons in the adult hippocampus throughout life. Numerous studies have suggested that these newborn neurons preferentially participate in the functional hippocampal circ ...

Due to the complexity of the NSC niche organization, the lack of specific NSC markers and the difficulty of long-term tracking these cells and their progeny in vivo the functional properties of the endogenous NSCs remain largely unexplored. These limitations have led to the development of met ...

In vitro studies of neural progenitors isolated from the developing mouse have provided important insights into intrinsic and extrinsic pathways that control their behavior. However, use of primary cultures or neurospheres established from fetal tissues in cell population-ba ...

The propagation of neural precursors in culture is an essential tool for the study of the signaling matrix that regulates their proliferation, self-renewal, and generation of terminally differentiated progeny. Neural precursors can be expanded in vitro using both adherent and non-a ...

The olfactory mucosa, located in the nasal cavity, is the only nervous tissue that is exposed to the external environment and easily accessible in every living individual. In addition, this organ is home of a continuing neurogenesis that is sustained by a large population of stem cells. Here, we desc ...

Since its inception in 1997/1998, the synaptic tagging and capture hypothesis (STC) of protein synthesis-dependent synaptic plasticity has inspired a wide range of studies attempting to further our understanding of heterosynaptic plasticity and its relevance to learning and mem ...

In the hippocampus, synapses undergo activity-dependent changes in synaptic strength, and this is thought to underlie some forms of learning and memory. Different patterns of activity can selectively enhance synaptic transmission, inducing long-term potentiation (LTP), or wea ...

Neurons that control breathing are distributed along the ventral respiratory column (VRC) in the ventrolateral brain stem, extending from the pons to the spinomedullary junction. These networks can be isolated in the en bloc brainstem-spinal cord preparation, which remains sponta ...

We present here a critical period model for odor preference learning in the rat pup, which can produce short-term or lifelong changes in odor-related behaviors depending on training parameters. Features which make it a powerful tool for the analysis of memory processes are described. The cha ...

This chapter provides a detailed electrophysiological protocol for investigating inhibitory synaptic plasticity using the gramicidin perforated patch clamp technique. Gramicidin is a polypeptide antibiotic that is used as a perforating agent because it forms pores in the ne ...

Synaptic integration of young neurons requires the sprouting and extension of dendrites in order to establish contacts with afferent neurons. For this reason, dendritic growth is often used in developmental studies as an important indicator of neuronal health and maturity. In the hipp ...

The major excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS is glutamate. It binds to and activates fast, ligand-gated receptors such as AMPA and NMDA ionotropic receptors. AMPA receptors are composed of 4 subunits (GluA1–4) with varying stoichiometries. The subunit composition of the AMPA recep ...