The study of that group of diseases now collectively known as the prion diseases has always been a source of excitement and argument between scientists. These obscure diseases usually have been of extremely rare occurrence and have had little impact on the general public. When an epidemic occur ...
In spite of the widespread use of immunocytochemical methods and the commensurate increase in the range of available techniques, a consistent means of electron miroscopical antigen localization in the lipid-rich central nervous system (CNS) has yet to be established. However, some su ...
Meningococcal mechanisms of adhesion are complex, involving multiple adhesins and their respective target receptors on host cells. Three major surface structures – pili, Opa, and Opc – have been known for some time to mediate meningococcal adhesion to target human cells. More recently, se ...
In addition to standard gel-based proteomic approaches, gel-free approaches using isobaric label reagents, such as Tandem Mass Tags (TMT), provide a straightforward method for studying adaptations in microbial proteomes to changing environmental conditions. This approach d ...
Metabolism can be defined as the complete set of chemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life. Enzymes are the main players in this process as they are responsible for catalyzing the chemical reactions. The enzyme–reaction relationships can be used for the recon ...
Integral outer membrane proteins (OMPs) play key roles in solute transport, adhesion, and other processes. In Neisseria, they can also function as major protective antigens. Structural, biophysical, and immunological studies of Neisserial OMPs require their isolation in milligr ...
A riboregulated network, in which small RNAs (sRNAs) regulate the stability and thus translation of transcripts (mRNA), has only recently been discovered in prokaryotes. Yet, during the last 5 years, hundreds of sRNAs have been identified in various bacterial species by using a wide variety of ...
The human-restricted pathogens Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are naturally competent for DNA uptake. This trait has been exploited extensively for genetic manipulation of these bacteria in the laboratory. Most transformation protocols were developed ...
Rapid clinical and laboratory diagnoses are the foundation for a successful management of serious infections with Neisseria meningitidis. A species-specific multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with fluidic microarrays using microbeads (the Luminex xMAP™ Te ...
The clinical symptoms induced by Neisseria meningitidis reflect compartmentalized intravascular and intracranial bacterial growth and inflammation. In this chapter, we describe a classification system for meningococcal disease based on the nature of the clinical sympto ...
DNA-based vaccines are currently being developed for treating a diversity of human diseases including cancers, autoimmune conditions, allergies, and microbial infections. In this chapter, we present a general protocol that can be used as a starting point for developing DNA vaccines to p ...
Most of the vaccines available today, albeit very effective, have been developed using traditional “old-style” methodologies. Technologies developed in recent years have opened up new perspectives in the field of vaccinology and novel strategies are now being used to design improved ...
The availability of Neisseria genome sequences together with improvements in proteomic technologies provide the opportunity to study at high resolution the immune response to Neisseria meningitidis. In this chapter, we describe a protocol that combines two-dimensional (2D) SD ...
Neisseria meningitidis (the meningococcus) causes significant morbidity and mortality in children and young adults worldwide through epidemic or sporadic meningitis and/or septicemia. In this review, we describe the biology, microbiology, and epidemiology of this exclusi ...
The process of cellular apoptosis is mediated by a number of microbial pathogens to modulate host defense mechanisms. Inhibition of apoptosis is thought to favor microbial survival, replication or immune evasion, while induction of apoptosis is likely to promote escape of the organisms ...
The pan-Neisseria microarray was the first bacterial microarray to address multiple strains and species, and is a tool specifically developed for the performance of comparative studies within and between species. To achieve this, its design was based upon a detailed comparison of multi ...
The innate immune system utilises a set of receptors, called pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), in order to recognise specific molecular patterns or motifs called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on invading pathogens. The toll-like receptor (TLR) family of pro ...
A method for exploring protein–protein interactions using hydrogen/deuterium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry is described. The method monitors the exchange of backbone (amide) hydrogens in solutions of deuterated water that primarily occur on portions of the protein exp ...
Dendritic cells (DC) play a key role in the development of natural immunity to microbes. The DC form a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune system by providing key instructions particularly to antigen na�ve T-cells. The interaction of DC with T lymphocytes involves three signals: (1) ant ...
The importance of physical forces in biology is becoming more appreciated. Neisseria gonorrhoeaehas become a paradigm for the study of physical forces in the bacterial world. Cycles of elongations and retractions of Type IV pili enables N. gonorrhoeaebacteria to exert forces on its envi ...
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