基因表达差异显示实验

Microsatellites are DNA sequences of tandem repeats of one to six nucleotides, which are highly polymorphic, and thus the molecular markers of choice in many kinship, population genetic, and conservation studies. There have been significant technical improvements since the early me ...

Fast isolation by AFLP of sequences containing repeats (FIASCO) is a rapid and simple method for separating microsatellite-containing DNA fragments from genomic DNA de novo. The method takes the advantage of the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique that relies on e ...

Microsatellite is one of the most high-speed developing genetic markers for its wide application in molecular biology researches. It is proved to be a powerful marker-assisted tool in genetic relationship identification, the inheritance breeding, the population genetics, the phy ...

Microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (SSRs), have proven to be an important molecular marker in plant genetics and breeding research. The main strategies to obtain these markers can be through genomic DNA and from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from mRNA/cDNA libraries. Genetic s ...

Microsatellites are codominant molecular genetic markers, which are universally dispersed within genomes. These markers are highly popular because of their high level of polymorphism, relatively small size, and rapid detection protocols. They are widely used in a variety of funda ...

The Chlamydiae are small, nonmotile Gram-negative bacteria that were originally thought to be viruses because of their size and their obligate dependence on host cells for growth. They are characterized by a unique biphasic developmental cycle involving an interconversion between ...

Bacteria belonging to the genus Campylobacter are a well-recognized cause of food-related gastrointestinal infections. These infections are usually self-limiting and constitute substantial morbidity. Mortality, fortunately, is low. Deaths directly attributable to Ca ...

In situ hybridization is the only DNA—or RNA-based molecular biology based test that allows for the direct correlation of the results with the histologic and cytologic features of the sample. The DNA/RNA extraction that precedes filter hybridization (hybrid capture or Southern blot) hy ...

Quantitative analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from tissue homogenates, cell extracts, or fixed tissue sections is vital for studies involving gene regulation and expression. Quantitative analysis of mRNA allows the investigator to establish the transcription level of particul ...

Methanotrophic bacteria are a physiologically specialized group of microorganisms that can use methane as a sole source of carbon and energy. They can be isolated from a wide range of environments including soil, sediment, peat bogs, and hot springs (1–4), although they are often relatively d ...

Enteric bacteria, such as members of the enterococci and fecal coliform groups, are widely used as sanitary indicators of water quality in marine and freshwater systems. However, recent studies investigating the survival characteristics of these enteric bacteria in the laboratory ( ...

Vibrio cholerae, a noninvasive, Gram-negative bacterium responsible for severe epidemics of cholera and endemic diarrhea in many parts of the world, especially in developing countries, is a native inhabitant of brackish and estuarine ecosystems (1,2). Of approx 193 serogroups of V. cho ...

Colony hybridization is a very powerful tool for the examination of bacterial isolates that have been cultured. The advantages are that it can be used rather rapidly with a high degree of specificity to look at features of large numbers of isolates (1). For Burkholderia (formerly Pseudomonas) ce ...

Burkholderia cepacia has attracted the attention of scientists from diverse fields owing to its unique characteristics and ubiquitous nature. This organism is an opportunistic human pathogen (1), one of the relatively few bacteria containing more than one chromosome (2), and able to ut ...

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of 209 congeners consisting of a biphenyl ring with 1–10 chlorines. In the United States, PCBs, manufactured under the trade name Aroclor, are ubiquitous and recalcitrant pollutants in the environment. PCBs have been shown to biomagnify in the fo ...

The isolation of specific regions within the genome of an organism is now normally accomplished by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using primers specific for the region in question. However, there are occasions where this is not possible (loss of primer sites resulting in no a ...

The development of increasingly sensitive chemiluminescent substrates and the ability to label probes with digoxigenin (DIG) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (1) has resulted in nonradioactive Southern analysis becoming the preferred method, in many plant research laborat ...

Since its development in 1983 (1), Ribonuclease Protection Assay (RPA) has become a widely employed technique for RNA analysis. The procedure is based on hybridization of the RNA being analyzed to a labeled (nonisotopic or radioactive) antisense RNA probe with successive digestion of unh ...

The ability to detect Shigella in foods is often hampered by the often-low numbers of organisms present in the sample at the time of analysis. At present, a reliable, time-efficient, and highly sensitive protocol to isolate Shigella from foods is unavailable although a conventional method is cu ...

There are several species of Listeria, but only Listeria monocytogenes has been identified as the principal pathogen in humans and animals. L. monocytogenes is a ubiquitous Gram-positive bacterium responsible for an uncommon but potentially serious infection in humans who ingest co ...