基因表达差异显示实验

DNA FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization) analysis reveals the chromosomal location of the gene of interest. RNA in situ hybridization is used to examine the amounts and cell location of transcripts. This method is commonly used to describe the localization of processed transcripts in ...

In the Drosophila germline, retrotransposons are silenced by the PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway. piRNA pathway mutations lead to overexpression and mobilization of retrotransposons in the germline. In different organisms, small RNAs were shown to be implicated in the postt ...

Arginine methylation is an important posttranslational protein modification that modulates protein function for a wide range of biological processes. PIWI proteins, a subclade of the Argonaute family proteins, contain evolutionarily conserved symmetrical dimethylar ...

Increasingly, the discovery and characterization of small regulatory RNAs from a variety of organisms have all required deep-sequencing methodologies. However, the crux to successful deep-sequencing analysis depends upon optimal construction of a cDNA library compatible f ...

Exosomes are 40–100 nm sized vesicles released from cells when multivesicular bodies fuse with the plasma membrane. These vesicles take part in cell-to-cell communication by binding and signalling through membrane receptors on cells or by transferring proteins, RNA, and lipids into the ...

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been recently detected in extracellular body fluids and proved themselves as promising biomarkers for a broad spectrum of diseases. The techniques to isolate, detect, and characterize extracellular miRNAs vary significantly from report to r ...

A significant breakthrough in the field of research was the identification of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are small molecule, single-stranded nucleic acids. MiRNAs have diverse roles in cellular biology with the ability for translation in different areas of medicine. The size of miRNAs pr ...

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have been shown to secrete exosomes that are cardioprotective against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in a mouse model. To elucidate this cardioprotective mechanism, we have characterized the pr ...

The isolation and analysis of microRNAs (miRNAs) contained in microvesicles and in particular nano-sized exosomes has become an increasingly important tool to understand their widespread impact in various fundamental and interactive cellular processes. Fundamental stud ...

Immune cells release microRNA-containing exosomes that can be taken up by recipient cells. Exosomes can thus act as mediators of cell–cell communication through direct exchange of genetic material between cells. Exosome-mediated transfer of miRNAs between T cells and antigen-pre ...

Exosomes are extremely small (

MicroRNA can be transferred across cells within extracellular vesicles such as exosomes. In order to analyze the biological effects of extracellular vesicle microRNA, it is necessary to isolate these vesicles and to extract their miRNA content. Here, we describe an approach to the isolat ...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of tiny noncoding RNAs that play an important role in regulating every aspect of cellular activities. Dysfunctional expression of miRNAs disrupts normal biological processes, leading to the development of various diseases including cancer. Circula ...

In recent years, miRNAs have been shown to exist stably in serum (plasma) and have drawn attention particularly as markers for diagnosis of diseases, evaluation of therapeutic effects, selection of treatment in clinical studies, and others. However, RNAs in serum (plasma) exist only in low amo ...

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), also known as secretory miRNAs, are packaged in small membrane vesicles called exosomes. These exosomal miRNAs are secreted from various cell types and incorporated inside the recipient cells. The functions of exosomal miRNAs are poorly understood, ...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) derived from the cell-free fractions of blood are emerging as useful noninvasive markers of cancer. However, many tumors display significant molecular heterogeneity, which is likely to be reflected in the circulating miRNA fingerprints associated with that pa ...

The development of molecular genetics-based body fluid identification methods in forensic science has become necessary to provide greater sensitivity and specificity than that obtained using conventional serological and immunological methods. Numerous studies have de ...

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated as a promising biomarker for many diseases. Research on urinary miRNAs, however, is at the early stage. Preliminary studies found an association between urinary miRNA levels and lupus nephritis. This chapter describes the methods of ...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding regulatory RNAs that regulate gene expression at the �posttranscriptional level. Although circulating miRNAs in human body fluids have recently been recognized as disease biomarkers, especially in the field of oncology, little is known ab ...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNA molecules that modulate specific target mRNAs and play very important roles in physiological processes. They were recently detected in body fluids such as blood, urine, saliva, and milk. These body fluid miRNAs have been studied thoroughly as po ...