实验仪器使用技术

The anorectic anx/anx mouse, characterized by reduced food intake, is an interesting and useful model for studies of mechanisms involved in the regulation of food intake and anorexia. The anorexia (anx) mutation arose spontaneously at the Jackson laboratory in 1976 and has now been mapped to a 0.2 ...

The brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) system is implicated in the neurobiological control of feeding and appears to be dysfunctional in patients suffering from feeding disorders, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and obesity. Thanks to the identification and cl ...

In Western societies, the prevalence of obesity continues to increase and, hence, the need to unravel pathways and mechanisms that regulate (un)healthy food intake increases concurrently. This chapter focuses on animal models of food-anticipatory activity (FAA). In rats, FAA occurs w ...

Anorexia nervosa is a life-threatening psychiatric disorder characterized by unrelenting self-starvation, severe weight loss, and hyperactivity. Limited treatment efficacy and high rates of mortality provide strong justification for using animal models to study the biol ...

Food restriction is a defining characteristic of anorexia nervosa and a risk factor for binge pathology. Basic research related to drug addiction indicates that food restriction increases drug reward magnitude, persistence of preference for a drug-paired environment, and relapse ...

The eating disorder (ED) anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder. Although the clinical diagnosis of AN has been recognized and included in the American Psychological Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual since the 1980s, the cause of AN remains largely uncle ...

A number of studies have indicated a strong correlation between traumatic events during early life and the development of behavioral abnormalities later in life, including psychoemotional disorders such as anxiety and depression. Patients with eating disorders frequently exh ...

One proposed contributor to the recent surge in obesity prevalence is the increased availability of highly palatable foods coupled with the drive to consume these foods under stressful conditions. Studies of humans suggest that stress exposure promotes increased caloric intake and a ...

Human and nonhuman primates are opportunistic feeders and are prone to both obesity and binge eating when food is abundant. This chapter describes procedures for studying binge eating using a foraging model that engenders large meals in nonhuman primates. Baboons have access to food 24 h each d ...

The availability and overconsumption of palatable foods rich in fat likely contribute to the worldwide obesity epidemic. With environmental factors and genetic predisposition each playing important roles in this serious health problem, it is crucial to identify and properly treat ...

In humans, binge eating is central to the harmful effects of bulimia and binge-eating disorder (BED). The development of preclinical mouse models of binge-like eating behavior has proved to be challenging, as minor stressors can significantly inhibit food intake in this species. Herein, we p ...

Binge eating is characterized by the consumption of more food within a discrete period of time than would normally be consumed within the same time period under similar circumstances, accompanied by a sense of loss of control. This form of consummatory behavior is common, and it is accompanied by c ...

Preclinical models are needed to investigate the neuro- and psycho-biology of binge eating (BE) and to identify innovative pharmacotherapeutic strategies. A new model, based on the combination of cyclic caloric restriction and acute stress, has been recently developed in our laborat ...

Binge eating is a recalcitrant symptom of bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder (BED), and the binge/purge subtype of anorexia nervosa. Binge eating is rooted in gene–environment interactions, but the biology of these interactions is largely unknown. This chapter describes a simple ...

Binge eating, bulimia nervosa, and hedonic overeating share a critical common component; namely, overeating that involves a lack of healthy restraint. However, these constructs are distinct from one another and are related to differential correlates and outcomes in human beings. Not ...

In industrialized nations, overeating is a significant problem leading to overweight, obesity, and a host of related disorders; the increase in these disorders has prompted a significant amount of research aimed at understanding their etiology. Eating disorders are multifactori ...

In recent years, rats selectively bred for high (HiS) or low (LoS) saccharin intake have provided valuable information regarding vulnerability to drug and food dependence, related affective disorders, and impulsive behavior. The HiS and LoS rats are models of the heritability of maladap ...

The prevalence of obesity continues to rise despite advances in behavioral, pharmacological, and surgical treatments. This is likely in part due to the overabundance of highly caloric food, which has extremely rewarding properties associated with dopaminergic neurotransmiss ...

Binge eating is a behavioral component of some eating disorders, and it is also noted in the overweight and obese, as well as nonclinical populations. Given its increasing prevalence in society, understanding the behavioral, physiological, and neurochemical components of binge eating ...

Bulimia nervosa (BN) is a psychiatric illness characterized by repeated binge eating and purging episodes that can be associated with significant psychosocial impairment and chronicity. Mechanisms maintaining this maladaptive set of behaviors remain poorly understood, but ...