遗传学实验技术

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that function as negative regulators of gene expression. They are essential components of virtually every biological process and deregulated miRNA expression has been reported in a multitude of human diseases including cance ...

A novel DNA methylation assay, HELP-tagging, has been recently described to use massively parallel sequencing technology for genome-wide methylation profiling. Massively parallel sequencing-based assays such as this produce substantial amounts of data, which complicate a ...

Cell-free expression systems provide straightforward access from genes to the corresponding proteins, involving fewer handling steps than in vivo procedures. A quick procedure to assemble a gene of interest into a linear DNA template together with 3′- and 5′-untranslated regions usi ...

We have developed an integrated method to generate a normalized cDNA collection enriched in full-length and rare transcripts from citrus, using different species and multiple tissues and developmental stages. Interpretation of ever-increasing raw sequence information gene ...

Successful genetic mapping is dependent upon a high-density set of markers. Therefore, tools for high-throughput discovery of genetic variation are essential. The most abundant genetic marker is the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). However, except for model organisms, gen ...

A hypothetical protein (HP) is defined as a protein that is predicted to be expressed from an open reading frame, but for which there is no experimental evidence of translation. HPs constitute a substantial fraction of proteomes of human as well as of other organisms. With the general belief that the ma ...

The recent explosion in the number and diversity of novel proteins identified by the large-scale “omics” technologies poses new and important questions to the blossoming field of systems biology – What are all these proteins, how did they come about, and most importantly, what do they do? From a comp ...

There have been steady improvements in protein structure prediction during the past two decades. However, current methods are still far from consistently predicting structural models accurately with computing power accessible to common users. To address this challenge, we devel ...

In RNA interference (RNAi), long double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) of more than 100 nucleotides (nt) are diced into short dsRNAs (small interfering RNAs, siRNAs) of about 21–24 nt, the guide strand of which is incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) that slices a specific mRNA. Co ...

Double-stranded (ds) RNA interference (RNAi) is widely used as a reverse genetic approach for functional analysis of plant genes. Constitutive or transient RNAi effects in plants have been achieved via generating stable transformants expressing dsRNAs or artificial microRNAs (a ...

Agroinfiltration is a very fast and powerful method to express in planta any sequences in a transient fashion. Agroinfiltration has proven very useful for the overexpression of proteins in the infiltrated zone when a short-term effect can be informative. However, it has been a real success sto ...

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) provides an attractive tool for high-throughput analysis of the functional effects of gene knockdown. Virus genomes are engineered to include fragments of target host genes, and the infected plant recognizes and silences the target genes as part of i ...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ~21 nt long small RNAs transcribed from endogenous MIR genes which form precursor RNAs with a characteristic hairpin structure. miRNAs control the expression of cognate target genes by binding to reverse complementary sequences resulting in cleavage or trans ...

Controlling gene expression during plant development is an efficient method to explore gene function and RNA interference (RNAi) is now considered as a powerful technology for gene functional analysis. However, constitutive gene silencing cannot be used with genes involved in fund ...

Gateway� system takes advantage of high-throughput creation of various expression vectors from one entry vector. This technology is also applied to RNAi vectors for functional analysis of plant genomics. To date, several plant Gateway vectors have been developed and distributed to pl ...

RNA interference (RNAi), mediated by short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), is one of the widely used functional genomics method for suppressing the gene expression in plants. Initially, gene silencing by RNAi mechanism was believed to be specific requiring sequence homology between siRNA a ...

In the last decade, much progress has been made towards a basic understanding of RNA silencing mechanisms in plants, like in animals and other eukaryotes. Many events that were already known, such as pathogen-derived resistance, posttranscriptional gene silencing, and microRNA (miRNA ...

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) has often been used to compare protein expression pattern between different samples. This method is also useful to compare protein expression between wild-type and RNAi plants. 2D-DIGE (difference gel electrophoresis) was developed to ...

RNA interference (RNAi) is a useful research tool for the specific deletion, or knockdown, of target genes that can be exploited both in cultured plant cells and in whole plants. In RNAi, hairpin RNA (hpRNA)-transduced lines are used to identify loss-of-function mutations in multi-copy genes wi ...

RNA interference (RNAi) is a mechanism regulating gene transcript levels either by transcriptional gene silencing or by posttranscriptional gene silencing, which act in the genome maintenance and the regulation of gene expression which is typically inferred from measuring tran ...