遗传学实验技术

We describe the GeneCalling method for the discovery of differentially expressed genes, both known and novel, from any species including useful sequence information to determine the potential function of novel genes captured. The method relies on transcript visualization coupl ...

There are many methodologies for performing gene expression profiling on transcripts, and through their use scientists have been generating vast amounts of experimental data. Turning the raw experimental data into meaningful biological observation requires a number of proces ...

Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) is a powerful genome-wide analytic tool to determine expression profiles. Since its description in 1995 by Victor Velculescu et al.1, SAGE has been widely used. Recently, the efficiency of the method has been emphasized as a means to identify novel tran ...

Standardized reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (StaRT-PCR) is a modification of the competitive template (CT) RT method described by Gilliland et al. StaRT-PCR allows rapid, reproducible, standardized, quantitative measurement of data for many genes simultan ...

Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) is a widely used method for separating DNA molecules that distinguish two closely related DNA samples. Two of the main SSH applications are cDNA subtraction and genomic DNA subtraction. In fact, SSH is one of the most powerful and popular methods f ...

Scientists routinely lecture and write about gene expression and the abundance of transcripts, but in reality, they extrapolate this information from a variety of measurements that different technologies may provide. Indeed, there are many reasons that applying different techno ...

In addition to the Gag, Pol, and Env structural proteins, HIV-1 encodes at least six regulatory proteins: Tat, Rev, Nef, Vif, Vpr, and Vpu. All HIV-I proteins are encoded by overlapping reading frames and are expressed through the complex alternative splicing of a single precursor RNA leading to three m ...

In 1987, a disease syndrome characterized by reproductive and respiratory symptoms in pigs was first described in the United States (1). Late-term abortions, increased numbers of stillborn and weak pigs, poor conception in breeding herds, along with respiratory distress and high morta ...

The bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV), also known as the bovine lentivirus or the bovine immunodeficiency virus, causes a persistent viral infection of cattle, and is found in cattle populations around the world (1,2). A closely related lentivirus, Jembrana disease virus, causes ...

Since the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for DNA amplification was first introduced in 1985 (1), the combination of reverse transcription with subsequent PCR amplification of the cDNA (RT-PCR) has been an increasingly utilized technique to analyze gene expression (2,3). In order for this ...

The Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant heritable connective tissue disorder characterized by variable and pleiotropic manifestations primarily in the skeletal, ocular, and cardiovascular systems (1). Molecular defects in fibrillin-1, a 350 kDa glycoprotein, enco ...

The rodent parvoviruses include mouse parvovirus (MPV), minute virus of mice (MVM), H-1 parvovirus (H-1), Kilham rat virus (KRV), rat parvovirus (RPV), and hamster parvovirus (HaPV). Recent reports suggest LuIII, an autonomous parvovirus of unknown host origin, may also belong to the rodent pa ...

Genomic fingerprinting is one of several methods for screening human genome to identify genetic alterations in cancer cells. Arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) is a PCR-based genomic fingerprinting method (1). In AP-PCR, a single oligonucleotide is used to initia ...

The use of genetically altered mice in research has increased exponentially since the production of the first transgenic mouse 15 yr ago. Within the past decade, the technique of targeted mutagenesis in mice has seen a similar rapid expansion in use, becoming a strategy widespread throughout a ...

The approx 3�109 basepairs that comprise a human genome are believed to contain at least 100,000 different genes (1). Many of these genes and the proteins that they encode have been isolated and identified, but the vast majority of these genes have yet to be characterized. A typical mammalian cell is bel ...

Chlamydia trachomatis, an obligate intracellular bacterium, and Trichomonas vaginalis, a protozoan, are two of the most prevalent sexually transmitted pathogenic microorganisms worldwide. C. trachomatis is a major cause of pelvic inflammatory disease, occluded fallopian ...

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy diagnosed in men in the Western hemisphere. Once early tumors are detected, prognosis is largely unpredictable, and clinicians are currently unable to inform the patient whether his tumour is likely to progress. New criteria to define the aggre ...

The rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases, particularly those because of their communicability present a public health problem, is the objective of the clinical microbiologist and the practicing physician. The need to attain this goal is exemplified by the resurgence of tuberculo ...

Primary acquisition of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) in healthy male and female adults is usually an asymptomatic infection (toxoplasma infection) or results in a harmless disease (toxoplasmosis) with nonspecific symptoms including headache, myalgia, fatigue, or a flu-like cond ...

As a method of specific mRNA detection, the single most important advantage of RT-PCR is its sensitivity, because of the remarkable sensitivity of PCR. Isolation of polyA+ mRNA is unnecessary, and minute amounts of total RNA suffice. If random primers are used in the reverse transcription react ...