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High-Throughput Automated Confocal Microscopy Imaging Screen of a Kinase-Focused Library to Identify p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibitors U

The integration of fluorescent microscopy imaging technologies and image analysis into high-content screening (HCS) has been applied throughout the drug discovery pipeline to identify, evaluate, and advance compounds from early lead generation through preclinical candid ...

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Screening G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Measurement of Intracellular Calcium Using the Fluorometric Imaging Plate Reader

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the target of approximately 40% of all approved drugs and continue to represent a significant portion of drug discovery portfolios across the pharmaceutical industry. As a result, GPCRs are the focus of many high-throughput screening (HTS) campa ...

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Application of Fluorescence Polarization in HTS Assays

Steady-state measurements of fluorescence polarization have been widely adopted in the field of high-throughput screening for the study of biomolecular interactions. This chapter reviews the basic theory of fluorescence polarization, the underlying principle for using flu ...

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Enzyme Assay Design for High-Throughput Screening

Enzymes continue to be a major drug target class for the pharmaceutical industry with high-throughput screening the approach of choice for identifying initial active chemical compounds. The development of fluorescent- or absorbance-based readouts typically remains the forma ...

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Informatics in Compound Library Management

The ability to accurately and efficiently manage inventory is critical to ensure cost-effectiveness and guarantee integrity of samples in drug discovery. While many large companies utilise both customised and off-the-shelf automated systems for compound library management, ...

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Creation of a Small High-Throughput Screening Facility

The creation of a high-throughput screening facility within an organization is a difficult task, requiring a substantial investment of time, money, and organizational effort. Major issues to consider include the selection of equipment, the establishment of data analysis methodol ...

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Design and Implementation of High-Throughput Screening Assays

HTS is at the core of the drug discovery process, and so it is critical to design and implement HTS assays in a comprehensive fashion involving scientists from the disciplines of biology, chemistry, engineering, and informatics. This requires careful analysis of many variables, starting with ...

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Use of Primary Human Cells in High-Throughput Screens

Traditionally, the objective of high-throughput screening (HTS) has been to identify compounds that interact with a defined target protein as the starting point for a chemistry lead optimisation programme. To enable this it has become commonplace to express the drug target in a recombina ...

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Automated Patch Clamping Using the QPatch

Whole-cell voltage clamp electrophysiology using glass patch pipettes (1) is regarded as the gold standard for measurement of compound activity on ion channels. Despite the high quality of the data generated by this method, in its traditional format, patch clamping has limited use in drug sc ...

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eFIP: A Tool for Mining Functional Impact of Phosphorylation from Literature

Technologies and experimental strategies have improved dramatically in the field of genomics and proteomics facilitating analysis of cellular and biochemical processes, as well as of proteins networks. Based on numerous such analyses, there has been a significant increase of pub ...

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Reactome Knowledgebase of Human Biological Pathways and Processes

The Reactome Knowledgebase is an online, manually curated resource that provides an integrated view of the molecular details of human biological processes that range from metabolism to DNA replication and repair to signaling cascades. Its data model allows these diverse processes to be ...

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A Tutorial on Protein Ontology Resources for Proteomic Studies

The protein ontology (PRO) is designed as a formal and well-principled open biomedical ontologies (OBO) foundry ontology for proteins. The components of PRO extend from the classification of proteins, on the basis of evolutionary relationships at the full-length level, to the represen ...

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Discovering New Drug-Targeting Sites on Flexible Multidomain Protein Kinases: Combining Segmental Isotopic and Site-Directed Spin Labeling for Nuclear

A novel structure-based approach to study the structure and dynamics of flexible multi-domain monomeric protein kinases, which otherwise do not yield diffraction quality crystals, is described. A combination of segmental 15N-isotopic labeling of a regulatory domain with site-d ...

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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Screening Methods for Drug Discovery

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques are widely used in the drug discovery process. The primary feature exploited in these investigations is the large difference in mass between drugs and receptors (usually proteins) and the effect that this has on the rotational or translation ...

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Receptor-Binding Sites: Bioinformatic Approaches

It is increasingly clear that both transient and long-lasting interactions between biomacromolecules and their molecular partners are the most fundamental of all biological mechanisms and lie at the conceptual heart of protein function. In particular, the protein-binding site is ...

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Chemical Database Preparation for Compound Acquisition or Virtual Screening

Virtual and high-throughput screening are time-saving techniques that have been successfully applied to identify novel chemotypes in biologically active molecules. Both methods require the ability to aptly handle large numbers of chemicals prior to an experiment or acquisiti ...

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In Silico Protein Design: Fitting Sequence Onto Structure

In the last 10 yr, efforts have begun to combine the goals and approaches of computational molecular design and protein sequence analysis to provide tools for the rational mutagenesis and functional modification of proteins. These approaches use analysis of the three-dimensional str ...

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Bioinformatics Platform Development: From Gene to Lead Compound

In the past 10 yr, the field of bioinformatics has been characterized by the mapping of many genomes. These efforts have stimulated explosive development of novel bioinformatics and experimental approaches to predict the functions and metabolic role of the new proteins. The main applica ...

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New Strategies in Drug Discovery

Gene identification followed by determination of the expression of genes in a given disease and understanding of the function of the gene products is central to the drug discovery process. The ability to associate a specific gene with a disease can be attributed primarily to the extraordinary ...

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Basic Microarray Analysis: Strategies for Successful Experiments

Microarrays offer a powerful approach to the analysis of gene expression that can be used for a wide variety of experimental purposes. However, several types of microarray platforms are available. In addition, microarray experiments are expensive and generate complicated data sets th ...

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