生物信息学技术

Investigation of protein–protein interactions in situ in living or intact cells gains expanding importance as structure/function relationships proposed from bulk biochemistry and molecular modeling experiments require demonstration at the cellular level. Fluoresc ...

Fluorescent proteins (FPs) are invaluable tools for biomedical research. Useful FPs have desirable fluorescence properties such as brightness and photostability, but a limitation is that many orange, red, and far-red FPs are cytotoxic when expressed in the cytosol. This cytotoxici ...

Cell-derived microparticles (MPs) are increasingly recognized as important cell-to-cell signaling mechanisms and may exhibit important functions in homeostasis but also in pathogenesis. Indeed, MPs are associated with a number of diseases inhibiting their production that p ...

The primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) encompass an extremely large and diverse number of clinical disorders caused by mutations in genes that affect virtually every measurable component of our immune systems. Many of the genetic mutations lead to abnormalities that can be det ...

BD FACS™ CAP (CAP = combinatorial antibody profile) is a screening tool for rapid characterization of human cell surface protein expression profiles using semi-automated high-throughput flow cytometry. The current configuration consists of 229 directly conjugated antibodi ...

Flow cytometry immunophenotyping (FCI) of hematolymphoid specimens is a powerful tool in clinical medicine aiding in the accurate diagnosis and subclassification of acute and chronic leukemias, non-Hodgkin lymphomas, myelodysplasia, and other hematolymphoid neoplast ...

Precursor cells of the myeloerythroid cell lineages give rise to mature cells of the granulocyte, monocyte, erythroid, and/or thrombocytic lineages. High-resolution profiling of the developmental stages, from hematopoietic stem cells to mature progeny, is important to study and u ...

One of the major strengths of Flow Cytometry is its ability to perform multiple measurements on single cells within a heterogeneous mixture. When the populations of interest are relatively rare, analytical methodology that is adequate for more prevalent populations is often overcome by ...

Cell cycle-related cytometry and analysis is an essential experimental paradigm for the cell biology of yeast, mammalian, and drosophila cells. Methods have not changed much for many years. The most common is DNA content analysis, which has been well-published and reviewed. Next most common ...

Flow cytometry is the most widely used technology for analyzing apoptosis. The multiparametric nature of flow cytometry allows several apoptotic characteristics to be combined in a single sample, making it a powerful tool for analyzing the complex progression of apoptotic death. This ...

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), which was discovered in 1946, was used primarily by organic chemists for elucidation of the structure of relatively small organic molecules. The advent of Fourier transform NMR, coupled with the development of superconducting magnets with higher fi ...

Cells can die via two distinct pathways, apoptosis and necrosis. Cells that are exposed to severe traumatizing conditions usually undergo an uncontrolled swelling and lyse via necrosis (1). However, a cell dying under less traumatizing conditions has limited control over its own demise a ...

Flow cytometry provides a rapid and accurate means of analyzing individual cells in suspension. Several parameters can be detected simultaneously and analyzed to provide information on the relationship between them. Fluorescently labeled cells can give quantitative data on spe ...

The growth of mammalian cells in culture can be monitored by a number of parameters related to the increase of cellular biomass over time. The simplest method is by cell counting at regular intervals. In routine cultures this would be performed once a day, which corresponds to the approximate doubl ...

The subject of cell characterization is obviously of great importance in the utilisation of cell lines from a scientific perspective in order to demonstrate the validity and limitations of a particular cell line as a model of in vivo tissue or as a cell substrate in a biological assay or production pr ...

One or more properties of a cell line are likely to change during an extended period of continuous passage. In order to ensure consistency of the properties of a cell line or of a product derived from it, it is, therefore, necessary to cryopreserve and characterize a reference stock of cells. Thereafter, t ...

Mammalian cells normally have a limited life span and after having undergone approximately 30 population doublings stop dividing; this is known as senescence. However, when the control mechanisms which limit life span are modified cells can become immortalized i.e. have an unlimited gr ...

The use of mammalian cell systems for recombinant protein production has become the dominant method to produce high-value proteins for therapeutic purposes. Recombinant cell lines are often generated by transfection with specific DNA; therefore a selectable system is desirable to ...

Important post-translational modifications affect both the physicochemical identity and the biological activity of many recombinant polypeptides. Mammalian cells are essential to perform such modifications correctly, and efficient methods have been established to t ...

Animal cell culture is being increasingly used for production of therapeutic reagents such as monoclonal antibodies, recombinant proteins, viral vaccines and replication incompetent viral vectors for gene therapy. Material derived from a variety of biological processes has b ...