植物学技术

GenBank(R) is a comprehensive database of publicly available DNA sequences for more than 205,000 named organisms and for more than 60,000 within the embryophyta, obtained through submissions from individual laboratories and batch submissions from large-scale sequencing proje ...

The BioPerl toolkit provides a library of hundreds of routines for processing sequence, annotation, alignment, and sequence analysis reports. It often serves as a bridge between different computational biology applications assisting the user to construct analysis pipelines. T ...

The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) provides a data-rich environment in support of genomic research by collecting the biological data for genomes, genes, gene expressions, gene variation, gene families, proteins, and protein domains and integrating the data w ...

With the completion of the genome sequences of the model plants Arabidopsis and rice, and the continuing sequencing efforts of other economically important crop plants, an unprecedented amount of genome sequence data is now available for large-scale genomics studies and analyses, such ...

The Munich Institute for Protein Sequences (MIPS) has been involved in maintaining plant genome databases since the Arabidopsis thaliana genome project. Genome databases and analysis resources have focused on individual genomes and aim to provide flexible and maintainable data s ...

The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR) is a highly sophisticated, extensive, user friendly, Web-based resource for researchers working on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The main gateway to this resource is through TAIR’s homepage http://www.arabidopsis.org. It is a re ...

Changes in the concentration of cytoplasmic calcium, cyt are central regulators in many cellular signal transduction pathways including many lipid-mediated regulatory networks. Given this central role that has during plant growth, monitoring spatial and temporal dynamics can ...

The discovery of the green fluorescent protein has revolutionized cell biology as it allowed researchers to visualize dynamic processes in living cells. The fusion of fluorescent protein variants with lipid binding domains that bind to specific phospholipids have been very instru ...

Lipid affinity beads can be used to identify novel proteins with lipid binding capacity or to determine binding prerequisites of known lipid-binding proteins. Here we describe several applications for which this tool can be used and which considerations have to be taken into account. In add ...

Protein–lipid interactions play an important role in cellular protein relocation, activation and signal transduction. The liposome-binding assay is a simple and inexpensive method to examine protein–lipid binding in vitro. The phospholipids used for liposome production are d ...

Protein–lipid interactions play an important role in lipid metabolism, membrane trafficking and cell �signaling by regulating protein localization, activation, and function. The Fat Blot assay is a relatively simple and inexpensive method to examine these interactions using n ...

Phospholipases of the A type constitute a large family of esterases that catalyze the hydrolysis of the fatty acid ester bonds in phospholipids and thus generate lysophospholipids and fatty acids. Both products or their metabolites are important signal molecules in the cellular adapt ...

Phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP; EC 3.1.3.4) catalyzes the dephosphorylation of phosphatidic acid (PA) to produce diacylglycerol (DAG) and inorganic phosphate. In seed plants, PA plays pivotal roles both as a precursor to membrane lipids and as a signaling molecule. As more informati ...

Phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyzes structural phospholipids like phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) into phosphatidic acid (PA) and free choline/ethanolamine. In plants, this activity can be stimulated by a wide variety of biotic and abiotic stresses ...

Over the past decade, tremendous progress has been made toward understanding the physiological functions of individual members of the diverse phospholipase D (PLD) family of enzymes in plants. For instance, the involvement of plant PLD members has been shown or suggested in a wide variety of t ...

Plant nonspecific phospholipase C (NPC) is a recently described enzyme which plays a role in membrane rearrangement during phosphate starvation. It is also involved in responses of plants to brassinolide, abscisic acid (ABA), elicitors, and salt. The NPC activity is decreased in cells tre ...

Measurement of phospholipase C (PLC) activity in vitro is a valuable biochemistry technique easily applicable in samples from different organisms. It quantifies the enzymatic activity of a key protein involved in critical developmental functions in organisms such as plants, anim ...

One critical aspect of phosphoinositide signaling is the turnover of signaling molecules in the pathway. These signaling molecules include the phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PtdInsPs) and inositol phosphates (InsPs). The enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of these mole ...

Inositol lipid kinases are perhaps the easiest and most straightforward enzymes in the phosphoinositide pathway to analyze. In addition to monitoring lipid kinase-specific activity, lipid kinase assays can be used to quantify the inositol lipids present in isolated membranes (Jo ...

Phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) synthase is a lipid-synthesizing enzyme responsible for the synthesis of the phospholipid, PtdIns. Its enzymatic properties have been studied in in vitro assays using either membrane-enriched fractions or the purified protein in reconstitut ...