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Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Cotton

There are many methods and techniques that can be used to transfer foreign genes into cells. In plant biotechnology, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is a widely used traditional method for inserting foreign genes into plant genome and obtaining transgenic plants, particul ...

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Genetically Modified Cotton in India and Detection Strategies

India is one of the largest cotton-growing countries. Cotton is a fiber crop with varied applications from making tiny threads to fashionable clothing in the textile sector. In the near future, cotton crop will gain popularity as a multipurpose crop in India. The commercialization of Bt cotton in ...

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Transgenic Cotton: From Biotransformation Methods to Agricultural Application

Transgenic cotton is among the first transgenic plants commercially adopted around the world. Since it was first introduced into the field in the middle of 1990s, transgenic cotton has been quickly adopted by cotton farmers in many developed and developing countries. Transgenic cotton h ...

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Cloning of Small RNAs for the Discovery of Novel MicroRNAs in Plants

Endogenous small RNAs can be grouped into several distinct classes of 21-nt-long microRNAs (miRNAs), short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), trans-acting siRNAs (tasiRNAs), and 24-nt long heterochromatic siRNAs. miRNAs are increasingly being recognized as significant effectors of g ...

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Transcriptome Profiling Analysis Using Rice Oligonucleotide Microarrays

Transcriptome analysis using oligonucleotide microarrays is a powerful tool for detecting changes in genome-wide transcripts under a given biological condition. Although the rice genome sequence is available, the number of functionally characterized genes in rice is still ve ...

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Site-Specific Gene Integration in Rice

Site-specific gene integration is a powerful technique for ensuring stable transgene expression. Transgenic plants produced by conventional transformation techniques often display highly variable transgene expression, which is mostly attributed to integration pat ...

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QTL Analysis and Map-Based Cloning of Salt Tolerance Gene in Rice

Most agronomic traits are governed by quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and exhibit continuous distribution in a segregating population. The hereditary characteristics of these traits are more complicated than those of monogenic traits. Detection and isolation of these QTLs can gre ...

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Functional Characterization of Rice Genes Using a Gene-Indexed T-DNA Insertional Mutant Population

Despite the availability of the finished genome sequence and tools for its analyses, few rice genes have been characterized. Because Agrobacterium-mediated transformation causes random T-DNA insertions across the genome, T-DNA can be a good mutagen for functional genomics. Gene-i ...

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TILLING and Ecotilling for Rice

Mutagenesis is frequently used to test gene function and to aid in crop improvement. Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes (TILLING) is a reverse genetic strategy first developed to identify induced point mutations in Arabidopsis. This general strategy has since been applied to many ...

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Generation of Rice Mutants by Chemical Mutagenesis

Chemical mutagenesis of rice has been used extensively to generate useful genetic variation for the purpose of breeding improved varieties. More recently, advances in high-throughput genotyping platforms have enabled the efficient detection of point mutations generated by ch ...

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Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization Techniques for Cytogenetic and Genomic Analyses

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful method to visualize DNA sequences in the context of the whole chromosome. Yet despite the value of FISH analysis for cytogenetic studies, there are surprisingly few labs that are able to adapt the technique for their experiments in chromo ...

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Molecular Strategies to Engineer Transgenic Rice Seed Compartments for Large-Scale Production of Plant-Made Pharmaceuticals

The use of plants as bioreactors for the large-scale production of recombinant proteins has emerged as an exciting area of research. The current shortages in protein therapeutics due to the capacity and economic bottlenecks faced with modern protein production platforms (microbial, ...

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Molecular Strategies to Improve Rice Disease Resistance

Rice diseases such as blast (Magnaporthe oryzae), sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) and bacterial blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae) are a major obstacle to achieving optimal yields. To complement conventional breeding method, molecular and transgenic method represents an ...

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Molecular Approaches to Improve Rice Abiotic Stress Tolerance

Abiotic stress is a major factor limiting productivity of rice crops in large areas of the world. Because plants cannot avoid abiotic stress by moving, they have acquired various mechanisms for stress tolerance in the course of their evolution. Enhancing or introducing such mechanisms in ri ...

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Rice Artificial Hybridization for Genetic Analysis

Artificial hybridization has probably been practiced since ancient time; however, the science of genetics did not initiate until Gregor Mendel conducted a series of crosses between different pure lines of garden pea and made careful observations and systematical analyses of their of ...

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Inoculation and Scoring Methods for Rice Sheath Blight Disease

Sheath blight disease of rice caused by the soilborne fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani has been a major disease of rice with a serious threat to stable rice production worldwide. Although various cultural practices have been used to manage the disease, it is advantageous and important to sc ...

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Inoculation and Virulence Assay for Bacterial Blight and Bacterial Leaf Streak of Rice

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) cause bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak in rice, respectively. Despite being very closely related, the pathogens colonize different tissues and cause distinct diseases. The diseases are econom ...

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Analysis of Rice Root Hair Morphology Using Cryo-Scanning Electron Microscopy

Root hairs are highly polarized long tubular outgrowths from the surface of epidermal trichoblast cells. Root hair development is a simple process that has facilitated for the study of cell fate determination and tissue differentiation in higher plants. Root hair patterning types in dic ...

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Phenotypic, Physiological, and Molecular Evaluation of Rice Chilling Stress Response at the Vegetative Stage

Rice is a chilling-sensitive plant that is particularly prone to injury during the early stages of seedling development and during flowering. Significant variation exists between subspecies with japonica cultivars generally being less sensitive than most indica cultivars. In m ...

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Phenotypic and Physiological Evaluation for Drought and Salinity Stress Responses in Rice

Drought and salinity stresses seriously affect rice plant growth and yield. The growing need to improve rice cultivars for drought and salt tolerance requires the development of reproducible screening methods that simulate field conditions, and which provide quantitative data for ...

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