植物学技术

Plants grow elaborate architectures by repeatedly initiating new organs post-embryonically. The competence to do so depends on the activity of meristems, stem cell niches located at the tips of shoot and root. These meristems are first specified early during embryogenesis. Therefore, ...

Ovules are the major female reproductive organs in higher plants. In addition, ovules of Arabidopsis thaliana are successfully used as model system to study plant organogenesis. Here we describe two microscopic techniques to analyze Arabidopsis ovule development from the organ to the ...

Brown algae are an extremely interesting, but surprisingly poorly explored, group of organisms. They are one of only five eukaryotic lineages to have independently evolved complex multicellularity, which they express through a wide variety of morphologies ranging from uniseriate ...

Podostemaceae is a family of aquatic angiosperms growing submerged on rocks in fast-flowing water and called moss-like or alga-like riverweeds. It evolved remarkable innovations to adapt to such an extreme environment, one of which is reduced shoots borne on roots adhering to rock surface. ...

Monocot cereals develop a complex root system comprising embryonic roots at an early seedling stage and postembryonic roots which make up the fibrous root system of adult crops. In the model cereals maize, rice, and barley a number of mutants affecting root development have been identified in t ...

Organogenesis is the developmental process for producing new organs from undifferentiated cells. In plants, most organs are formed during postembryonic development. Shoot lateral organs are generated in the shoot apical meristem whereas lateral roots develop outside the root a ...

In this chapter, we review the main organogenesis features and associated regulation processes of the moss Physcomitrella patens (P. patens), the model plant for the Bryophytes. We highlight how the study of this descendant of the earliest plant species that colonized earth, brings useful k ...

Cell-based computational modeling and simulation are becoming invaluable tools in analyzing plant �development. In a cell-based simulation model, the inputs are behaviors and dynamics of individual cells and the rules describe responses to signals from adjacent cells. The outpu ...

Ectocarpus siliculosus is a small filamentous alga that has recently emerged as the new model for fundamental research on brown algae. Here, we describe the basic culture protocols for propagating and collecting E. siliculosus material that can then be used in all types of molecular biology, b ...

Proteins are distributed in different cellular compartments. Our group studies the role of non-coding RNAs and associated RNPs in the development and stress response in legumes. Ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) are RNA-protein complexes that play different roles in many cellular proce ...

In the past decade, hundreds of non-coding RNAs (small and long RNAs) have been identified as crucial elements in developmental processes and stress response in plants. Among small RNAs, the microRNAs or miRNAs control levels of specific mRNA by inhibiting translation or reducing the stabi ...

Compound tomato leaves are composed of multiple leaflets that are generated gradually during leaf development, and each resembles a simple leaf. The elaboration of a compound leaf form requires the maintenance of transient organogenic activity at the leaf margin. The developmental w ...

Multiple ribosomes assemble onto an individual mRNA to form a polyribosome (polysome) complex. The epitope tagging of specific ribosomal proteins can enable the immunopurification of polysomes from crude cell extracts derived from cryopreserved tissue samples. Through expr ...

An entire Arabidopsis plant can be regenerated from a small piece of tissue by two sequential hormonal treatments in tissue culture. Currently this in vitro regeneration system is a good system to study the mechanism by which plants show regenerative plasticity. Also, it is useful to test the hor ...

The cellular level processes cell division and cell expansion form a crucial level linking regulatory processes at the molecular level to whole plant growth rates and organ size and shape. With the rapid progress in molecular profiling, quantification of cellular activities becomes in ...

Shoot apical meristems (SAMs) of higher plants harbor a set of stem-cells and provide cells for the development of all the above-ground biomass of plants. Most of the important pattern formation events such as maintenance of stem-cell identity, specification and differentiation of leaf/ ...

The major naturally occurring auxin, indol-3 acetic acid (IAA), coordinates many growth and differentiation processes by modulating gene expression during plant development. The sites of IAA biosynthesis and its polar transport (PAT) routes determine auxin accumulation and dis ...

The analysis of gene expression at transcript and at protein level is of outstanding importance in plant developmental biology. Proteins can be localized with subcellular resolution by immunolocalization using specific antibodies or generating reporter lines carrying the sp ...

Developmental biologists require methods for marking cell lineages as they arise in living tissues. Traditionally, lineages have been traced in fixed tissues but these observations are difficult to verify. We present a method by which a progenitor cell and all of its lineage become marked by a ...

Development of the root system is essential for proper plant growth and development. Extension of the root system is achieved by the continuous establishment of new meristems in existing parental root tissues, which leads to the development of lateral roots. This process of lateral root org ...