植物学技术

Time-resolved hypocotyl length measurements in seedlings have the potential to greatly aid genetic studies looking at light, hormone, and circadian regulation of cell expansion. Recently, several computer-based tools have been developed to quantify hypocotyl length during ph ...

Almost all plant cells are surrounded by glycan-rich cell walls, which form much of the plant body and collectively are the largest source of biomass on earth. Plants use polysaccharides for support, defense, signaling, cell adhesion, and as energy storage, and many plant glycans are also import ...

Lignocellulosic biomass is a source of low cost polysaccharides that some microbes can deconstruct and convert into liquid transportation fuel. Feedstocks vary in their ease of use depending on their source and handing. Estimating conversion amenability is useful to determine the ef ...

Here we describe a rapid high-throughput method for performing RNA interference (RNAi) in moss, in which phenotyping is performed within 1 week after transformation. The moss Physcomitrella patens is a great plant model system for reverse genetic studies due to its amenability to homolog ...

Interest in measuring the nuclear holoploid genome sizes of higher plants reflects not just the status of the nucleus as a defining characteristic of eukaryotic organisms. Higher plants also attract interest in that they display an unusually large range of genome sizes, current measurem ...

Analysis of plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and essential oils (EOs, collectively called the plant volatilome) is an invaluable technique in plant biology, as it provides the qualitative and quantitative composition of bioactive compounds. From a physiological standpo ...

Ionomics is the study of the elemental composition of biological tissues. It complements knowledge acquired by metabolomics, proteomics, bioinformatics, and genomics in elucidating the physiological status of plants as well as the identification of genes involved in the transpo ...

Herein, current approaches to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry-based analyses of membrane lipid molecular species found in Arabidopsis thaliana are summarized. Additionally, the identities of over 500 reported membrane lipid molecular species are assembled.

The comprehensive analysis of metabolites (metabolomics) and expressed proteins (proteomics) in any given biological system forms the center of modern efforts to define the critical functions of biological systems. Because amino acids play important roles in primary and second ...

We describe a method for highly sensitive high-throughput analysis of six major phytohormones; cytokinins (23 species), auxins (7 species), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellins (GAs, 11 species), salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA). The method consists of solid-phase extraction us ...

Molecular biomarkers are molecules whose concentrations in a biological system inform about the current phenotypical state and, more importantly, may also be predictive of future phenotypic trait endpoints. The identification of biomarkers has gained much attention in target ...

Polysaccharide analysis using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) relies on derivatization of the reducing ends of sugars with a fluorophore, followed by electrophoresis under optimized conditions in polyacrylamide gels. PACE is a sensitive and simple tool for studying p ...

Plant cell walls are diverse composites of complex polysaccharides. Molecular probes such as monoclonal antibodies (MABs) and carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) are important tools to detect and dissect cell wall structures in plant materials. We provide an account of methods th ...

The importance of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) has been increasing in use for: structural analysis of plant cell walls, characterization of enzymes that degrade polysaccharides, and profiling of oligosaccharides to characterize cell wall mutants. CZE with laser-induc ...

Plant cells are surrounded by cell walls built largely from complex carbohydrates. The primary walls of growing plant cells consist of interdependent networks of three polysaccharide classes: cellulose, cross-linking glycans (also known as hemicelluloses), and pectins. Cellu ...

Computer analysis of digital photographic images provides fast, high-throughput screening of leaf pigmentation. Pixel-by-pixel conversion of red, green, blue (RGB) parameters to hue, saturation, value (HSV) showed that Hue values were proportional to total chlorophyll, offeri ...

An automated high-throughput method applied to the production and analysis of libraries of natural �products for high-throughput biological screening is described. The production of the library includes solid-phase extraction of crude extracts to remove polyphenols, follo ...

During many biological experiments voluminous data is acquired, which can be best collected with �portable data acquisition devices and later analyzed with a personal computer (PC). Public domain software catering to data acquisition and analysis is currently limited. The necessi ...

The high spatial and temporal resolution of data required for high-throughput phenotyping has typically been all but impossible to obtain in field populations of plants. When studies of individual and population genetic variation and microclimate sensor data are combined with phen ...

The study of biological processes contributing to plant growth can be complicated by the small number of cells involved and by the brief and sudden appearance of some crucial developmental steps. Given such troublesome circumstances, methods to monitor the timing or to increase the number of ...