植物学技术

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of thin sections of meiocytes embedded in plastic resin allows analysis of structures in meiotic nuclei, such as the synaptonemal complex, at very high resolution while preserving the spatial organization of chromosomes.

Much of meiosis research is focussed on Arabidopsis thaliana, largely due to the significant advantages it brings, having a small sequenced genome with comparatively little repetitive DNA, the ease of forward and reverse genetics, and a short life cycle. On the other hand, due the small genome si ...

Recombination nodules (RNs) are associated with synaptonemal complexes (SCs) during early prophase I of meiosis. RNs are too small to be resolved by light microscopy and can be observed directly only by electron microscopy. The patterns of RNs on SCs can be analyzed using three-dimensional r ...

Plant meiosis studies have enjoyed a fantastic boom in recent years with the use of Arabidopsis thaliana as an important model species for developmental studies because of its small genome, short life cycle, and large mutant collections. Unlike other eukaryotic models, plant meiosis does n ...

Progression of meiosis has been traditionally reconstructed from microscopic images collected from fixed cells. However, studies conducted in a number of species, including plants, indicate that this approach has clear shortcomings in accurately portraying the dynamic nature ...

The success of meiosis depends on intricate coordination of a series of unique cellular processes to ensure proper chromosome segregation. Many proteins involved in these cellular events are directly or indirectly associated with chromosomes, especially those required for homo ...

Plant meiosis involves complex and dynamic processes that occur within the space inside the nucleus. Direct inspection of meiotic chromosomes by fluorescence microscopy has been used to investigate many of these processes. In particular, optical sectioning microscopy of fluore ...

Meiosis is a key step in sexual plant reproduction. Cytological analysis of meiosis enables hypotheses of gene function during meiosis to be confirmed or discarded. Observation of meiosis in the female reproductive organs in many higher plants is technically challenging because the ce ...

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) can be used to visualize chromosomal features using repetitive or single gene probes above a minimum target size. When applied to meiosis, each chromosome of the karyotypic complement can be identified, which can facilitate an understanding of ...

We have developed a sequential procedure with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) that enables us to distinguish between the A and C genomes in Brassica napus and to identify certain individual chromosomes or chromosome groups within a geno ...

Chromosome painting (CP) refers to visualization of large chromosome regions, entire chromosome arms, or entire chromosomes via fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). For CP in plants, contigs of chromosome-specific bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC) from the target s ...

Advances in molecular biology and in the genetics of Arabidopsis thaliana have led to it becoming an important model for the analysis of meiosis in plants. Cytogenetic investigations are pivotal to meiotic studies and a number of technological improvements for Arabidopsis cytology ha ...

This chapter contains a detailed description of the immunological and cytological techniques developed to determine factors involved in crossover control during meiosis in barley. The immunological technique involves digesting fresh anthers followed by chromosome spre ...

Development of techniques to analyze pachytene chromosomes has greatly overcome most of the difficulties in cytological studies of rice chromosomes caused by their small size. Visualization of meiotic chromosomes has now become routine in cytogenetic studies in this species. This ...

We have developed a technique that enables the thymidine analogues bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) or ethynyldeoxyuridine (EdU) to be taken up via the transpiration stream into pollen mother cells and incorporated into the meiotic S-phase. Labelled inflorescences are sampled at interv ...

Immunolocalization studies to visualize the distribution of proteins on meiotic chromosomes have become an integral part of studies on meiosis in the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana. This chapter describes fixation, sample preparation, and immunolocalization techni ...

Advances in the molecular biology and genetics of Arabidopsis thaliana have led to it becoming an important model for the analysis of meiosis in plants. Cytogenetic investigations are pivotal to meiotic studies and a number of technological improvements for Arabidopsis cytology have ...

This chapter describes the purification and crystallization of oxygen-evolving photosystem II core dimer complex from a thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus vulcanus. Procedures used for purification of photosystem II from the cyanobacterium involves c ...

This chapter contains the description of several methods used for the isolation of functional photosystem II (PS II) core particles from wild type, photosystem I-less, and CP47 histidine-tagged cells of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The presented protocols cover cul ...

Rubisco activase functions to promote and maintain the catalytic activity of Rubisco. Studies with the activase-lacking Arabidopsis rca mutant (Salvucci et al. Photosynth Res 7:193–201, 1985; Salvucci et al. Plant Physiol 80:655–659, 1986), antisense activase tobacco, Arabidopsis ...