植物学技术

Metabolomics and chemical genomics studies can each provide unique insights into plant biology. Although a variety of analytical techniques can be used for the interrogation of plant systems, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) provides unbiased characterization of abundant met ...

Isotope labelling experiments with stable or radioactive isotopes have long been an integral part of biological and medical research. Labelling experiments led to the discovery of new metabolic pathways and made it possible to calculate the fluxes responsible for a metabolic phenot ...

Mutant resources are indispensable for the characterization of the functions of genes. There are two types of mutants, loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutants. Recently, we have developed a novel system in plants that uses a gain-of-function approach and is named as the FOX (full-le ...

The increasing use of plant biological screens of large compound libraries to discover informative chemical probes for plant chemical genetics requires efficient methods for hit selection and advancement. Downstream target identification and validation studies with sele ...

In high-throughput screening (HTS) a robust assay is used to interrogate a large collection of small organic molecules in order to find compounds, hits, with a desired biological activity. The hits are then further explored by an iterative process where new compounds are designed, purchased, ...

Chemical genomics is a novel approach that allows for the rapid functional analysis of plant proteins, complexes, pathways, and networks. Systematic screens for bioactive small molecules causing specific subcellular phenotypes have been successfully performed in mammalian c ...

This article gives an overview of basic computational methods that are commonly used for analyzing small molecule screening data in the chemical genomics field. First, we introduce cheminformatic concepts for analyzing drug-like small molecule structures and their properties. S ...

Chemical Biology is a strong tool to perform experimental procedures to study the Endomembrane System (ES) in plant biology. In the last few years, several bioactive compounds and their effects upon protein trafficking as well as organelle distribution, identity, and size in plants and yea ...

RNA silencing is a mechanism of gene expression regulation mediated by short noncoding RNAs called small RNAs. Small RNAs can suppress gene expression transcriptionally or posttranscriptionally by base pairing to their targets. In plants, they are involved in a diverse range of pathwa ...

The knowledge of the membrane lipid metabolism in photosynthetic cells is expected to benefit from the availability of inhibitors acting at the level of specific enzymes like MGD1 (E.C. 2.4.1.46) that catalyzes the synthesis of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) in chloroplasts. M ...

Conventional mutant screening in forward genetics research is indispensible to understand the biological operation behind any given phenotype. However, several issues, such as functional redundancy and lethality or sterility resulting from null mutations, frequently imp ...

Chemical genomics is a highly effective approach for understanding complex and dynamic biological processes in plants. A chemical activity can be investigated by a reverse genetics strategy, for which a huge abundance and diversity of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants are readily avail ...

Transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings containing a pathogen-responsive reporter gene allow for convenient high-throughput screening of chemical libraries for compounds that induce plant defense responses. Candidates identified by such screens can be further tested for the ...

Phytohormones are endogenous signalling molecules that regulate plant development, adaptation to the environment, and survival. Upon internal or external stimuli, hormones are quickly accumulated and perceived, which in turn activates specific signalling cascades regu ...

Protein trafficking to the yeast vacuole has been extensively studied using a series of deletion mutants. In these genetic screens, mis-targeted vacuolar cargo proteins were used as phenotype markers. Here we describe a similar approach employing pharmacological effects of diverse ...

The gene families that encode the vesicle trafficking machinery in plants are highly expanded compared to those from protists and animals. As such, classical genetic screens for mutants with lesions in these genes are fraught with issues of redundancy and lethality. A chemical genomics ap ...

Endomembrane cycling processes in plants remain mostly intractable through classical genetic interrogation. Chemical disruption of these processes provides an opportunity to slow or inhibit these processes for study. Tobacco pollen, which is dependent upon endomembrane c ...

A seed is competent to respond to light soon after imbibition. A new developmental program begins in or on the ground where the young seedling may be exposed to heat, cold, drought, flooding (anoxia), salts, varying levels of visible light, and the topic of this paper, ultraviolet radiation. Herein what ...

Rab proteins are key regulators of membrane transport in eukaryotes. Recent evidence from different species supports the notion that some Rab proteins are crucial for cytokinesis, a pivotal procedure for successful cell division. As a family of monomeric small GTPases of the Ras superfa ...

In eukaryotic cells, a large number of proteins are transported to their final destination after translation by a process called intracellular trafficking. Transient gene expression, either in plant protoplasts or in specific plant tissues, is a fast, flexible, and reproducible appr ...