植物学技术

American elm (Ulmus americana) is a valuable and sentimental tree species that was decimated by Dutch elm disease in the mid-20th century. Therefore, any methods for modifying American elm or enhancing disease resistance are significant. This protocol describes transformation and t ...

A reliable and efficient genetic transformation protocol for various turfgrass species and elite cultivars has been achieved using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. We describe a general protocol for the establishment of embryogenic cell cultures, Agrobacterium tumefaciens- ...

Using Eucalyptus camaldulensis as a model system, we describe here a basic Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation protocol through organogenesis for the production of transgenic plants. Hypocotyl segments or cotyledon pieces from in vitro seedlings are used as start ...

A transformation system for selected mature Quercus suber L. trees using Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been established. Embryos obtained from recurrent proliferating embryogenic masses are inoculated with AGL1 strain harbouring the plasmid pBINUbiGUSint, which carri ...

Although species within the genus Populus are, in general, easier to transform and regenerate in vitro than most other trees, many poplar species are very recalcitrant. Many protocols that previously have been reported were developed for a specific genotype or species. Thus, it has often been n ...

This chapter describes the transformation of Pinus radiata using organogenic cotyledon explants rather than the more common somatic embryogenesis methods for conifers. The advantages of our method are the year round availability of seed and that over 80% of genotypes can be easily regen ...

Rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) is an important industrial crop for natural rubber production. At present, more than 9.5 million hectares in about 40 countries are devoted to rubber tree cultivation with a production about 6.5 million tons of dry rubber each year. The world supply of na ...

Cultivated bananas are vegetatively propagating herbs, which are difficult to breed because of widespread male and female sterility. As a complementary gene transfer method in banana, the described Agrobacterium protocol relies on highly regenerable embryogenic cell cultur ...

Since the initial reports on production of transgenic Citrus via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, significant progress has been made, and many steps of this procedure using the juvenile tissue explants have been improved. Abundant availability of starting material and r ...

Coffee (Coffea sp.) is a perennial plant widely cultivated in many tropical countries. It is a cash crop for millions of small farmers in these areas. As compared with other tree species, coffee has long breeding cycles that make conventional breeding programs time consuming. For that matter, gen ...

Transgenic papaya plants were initially obtained using particle bombardment, a method having poor efficiency in producing intact, single-copy insertion of transgenes. Single-copy gene insertion was improved using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. With progress being made in gen ...

We describe the procedures for recovering transgenic sugarcane from co-cultivation of both calli and in vitro plants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The correct tissue culture strategies and the use of super-binary vector or super-virulent strain are crucial for the successful su ...

A procedure for pineapple genetic transformation is described, which involves temporary immersion bioreactors (TIB) for selection of transgenic plants. Success in the production of transgenic pineapple plants combines tissue culture factors. Firstly, the use of regenerable ...

The key to successful transformation of American chestnut is having the correct combination of explant tissue, selectable and scorable markers, and a reliable regeneration system. Rapidly dividing somatic embryos, growing as proembryogenic masses, are a suitable tissue; the bar ge ...

Apple (Malus � domestica) is one of the most consumed fruit crops in the world. The major production areas are the temperate regions, however, because of its excellent storage capacity it is transported to distant markets covering the four corners of the earth. Transformation is a key to sustaining ...

Recent advances in plant biotechnology have led to a reliable and reproductive method for genetic transformation of blueberry. These efforts built on previous attempts at transient and stable transformation of blueberry that demonstrated the potential of Agrobacterium tumef ...

Grapevine (Vitis) is considered to be one of the major fruit crops in the world based on hectares cultivated and economic value. Grapes are used not only for wine but also for fresh fruit, dried fruit, and juice production. Wine is by far the major product of grapes and the focus of this chapter is on wine grape cult ...

Genetic transformation in strawberry (Fragaria spp.) can be achieved by using the Agrobacterium-mediated procedure on leaves from in vitro proliferated shoots. Regardless of the sufficient regeneration levels achieved from leaf explants of some commercial strawberry genot ...

Walnut species are important nut and timber producers in temperate regions of Europe, Asia, South America, and North America. Trees can be impacted by Phytophthora, crown gall, nematodes, and cherry leaf roll virus; nuts can be severely damaged by codling moth and Xanthomonas blight. The long-g ...

Carnation is a valuable crop for the cut flower industry and demand for new and improved varieties is growing. However, genetic transformation of carnations is currently limited because of a lack of efficient routine technique. In this chapter, we present an easy and effective protocol for gene ...