植物学技术

There is a general agreement that the development of metabolomics depends not only on advances in chemical analysis techniques but also on advances in computing and data analysis methods. Metabolomics data usually requires intensive pre-processing, analysis, and mining procedur ...

The identification of metabolites in biochemical studies is a major bottleneck in the proliferating field of metabolomics. In particular in plant metabolomics, given the diversity and abundance of endogenous secondary metabolites in plants, the identification of these is not only ...

GC-MS based metabolome studies aim for the complete identification and relative or absolute quantification of metabolites in complex extracts from a large diversity of biological materials. The resulting high-throughput chromatography data files are typically processed f ...

This paper gives a step-by-step account of how to install, set up, and run MetAlign software, which can be downloaded freely (http://www.metalign.wur.nl/UK/Download+and+publications). The software is used for accurate mass and nominal mass data coming from different kinds of GC-MS and LC- ...

Recent advances in the performance of hyphenated technologies based on ultrapressure chromatography and high-sensitivity mass spectrometry have set the stage for a myriad of metabolomics studies in plants and other organisms. In this chapter, we describe the use of a UPLC (Ultraperf ...

The Brassicaceae family comprises a variety of plant species that are of high economic importance as �vegetables or industrial crops. This includes crops such as Brassica rapa (turnip, Bok Choi), B. oleracea (cabbages, broccoli, cauliflower, etc.), and B. napus (oil seed rape), and also includes ...

Metabolite profiling is a rapidly expanding technology which aims to quantify the entire metabolome of biological samples. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) is one of the most widely used analytical tools for profiling highly complex mixtures of primary metabolites, su ...

The natural fragrance compounds produced by plants play key roles in the long-term fitness and survival of these plants as well as being of direct/indirect benefit to man. Almost all plant fragrances, either pleasant or unpleasant, comprise many different compounds, from different chemi ...

The association of plants with endosymbiotic micro-organisms poses a particular challenge to metabolomics studies. The presence of endosymbionts can alter metabolic profiles of plant tissues by introducing non-plant metabolites such as fungal specific alkaloids, and by meta ...

Trace elements are unevenly distributed and speciated throughout the cereal grain. The germ and the outer layers of the grain have the highest concentrations of trace elements. A large fraction of the trace elements is therefore lost during the milling process. The bioavailability of the re ...

High-throughput screening of large collections of plants, whether in the context of gene function analysis, quality trait selection, or metabolic engineering requires robust and rapid methodologies that provide maximum information with minimum sample pre-fractionation. H ...

Mass spectrometry (MS) is usually the technique of choice for metabolomic studies where the volume of sample material is too limited for applications employing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. With the advent of ultra-high accuracy mass spectrometers such as the Orbit ...

The degree of precision in measuring accurate masses in LC MS/MS-based metabolomics experiments is a determinant in the successful identification of the metabolites present in the original extract. Using the methods described here, complex broccoli extracts containing hundreds ...

The ability to track changes in the levels of many metabolites in plants has great utility in a number of biological contexts. A metabolomics experiment usually requires the comparison of different varieties in either a functional genomics context or in response to perturbation by an exter ...

Plant metabolomics is increasingly a routine option for plant biologists and food scientists. Here, we suggest some precautions for preparation and handling of samples issued from crop plants, in order to ensure sample representativeness and quality before their biochemical anal ...

Plant–microbe interactions—whether pathogenic or symbiotic—exert major influences on plant physiology and productivity. Analysis of such interactions represents a particular challenge to metabolomic approaches due to the intimate association between the interact ...

Experiments involve the deliberate variation of one or more factors in order to provoke responses, the identification of which then provides the first step towards functional knowledge. Because environmental, biological, and/or technical noise is unavoidable, biological expe ...

The technologies being developed for the large-scale, essentially unbiased analysis of the small molecules present in organic extracts made from plant materials are greatly changing our way of thinking about what is possible in plant biology. A range of different separation and detect ...

Repeated gene targeting by recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) is an efficient tool for the study of gene function and regulation because of the high predictability and repeatability of gene expression. We have developed the site-directed integration (SDI) vector syst ...

Use of a transposon is an efficient tagging tool for exploring the function of the gene it inserts into or is adjacent to. A few modifications have been applied to the native Ac transposon to allow it to transpose efficiently or spontaneously and stop quickly thereafter. Furthermore, locating the t ...