植物学技术

The Vaccinium genus contains several valuable fruit and ornamental species, among others: highbush blueberry (Vaccinium � corymbosum L.), cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.), and lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.). In some most popular and valuable cultivars, the conve ...

Elements of micropropagation include establishment of shoot tip cultures, proliferation, rooting, and acclimatization of the resulting plantlets. The wide genetic variation in Pyrus makes micropropagation challenging for many genotypes. Initiation of shoots is most succ ...

Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schn.) is a nontraditional crop in arid and semi-arid areas. Vegetative propagation can be achieved by layering, grafting, or rooting semi-hardwood cuttings, but the highest number of possible propagules is limited by the size of the plants and time of the y ...

Olive (Olea europaea L.), long-living, ever-green fruit tree of the Old World, has been part of a traditional landscape in the Mediterranean area for centuries. Both the fruits consumed after processing and the oil extracted from the fruits are among the main components of the Mediterranean diet, ...

Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret sin. Feijoa sellowiana (Myrtaceae) is a semiwoody fruit species native to South Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina; edible fruits are tasty. The naturally occurring populations in Santa Catarina State show high variability in fruit size, color, and other featu ...

Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) with its distinctive pre-inflorescence or curd is a remarkable member of the Brassica cabbage group. During curd development, intense and repetitive branching leads to a spectacular increase in size and the accumulation of millions of m ...

Asparagus officinalis is most extensively studied species within the genus Asparagus, which is well known as garden asparagus. This species is dioecious with unisexual flowers, which means that generative propagation gives roughly equal number of male and female plants. Male plants a ...

RNAi (RNA interference, RNA silencing) is a powerful tool in functional genomics. We report here the use of transient RNAi to isolate regulatory factor genes involved in isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis in Coptis japonica protoplasts. Double-stranded (ds) RNAs prepared against c ...

The pigmentation of anthocyanins is one of the important determinants for consumer preference and marketability in horticultural crops such as fruits and flowers. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the physiological process leading to the pigmentation of anthocyanins, id ...

Bromosulfalein is an organic anion dye used in the study of a variety of membrane carriers expressed in animal tissues and involved in transport of drugs and metabolites. The spectrophotometric assay of electrogenic bromosulfalein transport in membrane vesicles, isolated from vari ...

Flavonoids are a class of secondary metabolites present in large amounts in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), which are involved in several aspects of its physiology (e.g. protection against biotic and abiotic stress). Even if the biosynthetic pathways of flavonoid sub-classes have been lar ...

Plants have metabolic pathways leading to tens of thousands of secondary products capable of effectively responding to stress situations imposed by biotic and abiotic factors. These pathways, often recruited from essential primary metabolism pathways upon initial gene duplic ...

To establish the role in alkaloid metabolism of candidate genes identified in silico or by Omics approaches, it may be essential to determine the subcellular localization of the encoded proteins. The fusion with fluorescent proteins (FP) may now be used as a quite effective and reliable tool to i ...

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) essential oil phenylpropenes are synthesized and accumulate in peltate glandular trichomes and their content and composition depend on plant developmental stage. Studies on gene expression and enzymatic activity indicate that the phenylpropene b ...

Plant cell cultures provide an important method for production and supply of a variety of natural products, where conditions can be easily controlled, manipulated, and optimized. Development and optimization of plant cell culture processes require both bioprocess engineering and ...

Among the different methods currently used to improve yields of secondary metabolites in cultured plant cells, the method involving transformation by rol genes represents an example of relatively new technology. These genes, isolated from plasmids of the plant pathogen Agrobacte ...

Plants synthesize a large number of isoprenoid compounds that have diverse structures and functions. All isoprenoids are synthesized through consecutive condensation of five-carbon precursors, isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and its allyl isomer dimethylallyl diphosph ...

Carotenoids are well-known natural pigments, typically ranging from yellow to red. Carotenoids are industrially utilized as functional materials due to their strong antioxidant properties. Phytoene synthesis is known to be a rate-determining step in the entire carotenoid bios ...

The explosive development of the field of molecular biology has led to the need for simpler and more efficient cloning techniques. These requirements are elegantly met by the ligation-free cloning technique called USER cloning. USER cloning is suitable not only for everyday and high-thro ...

Availability of isotope-labelled metabolites often proves to be an essential prerequisite for the successful identification of a biosynthetic pathway. Also for the metabolic engineering isotope-labelled, either radioactive or non-radioactive, biosynthetic interme ...