微生物学技术

Proper understanding of the pathogenesis of type I allergy relies on the identification of allergen epitopes. The phage display technique is a relatively new one to define peptide structures that mimic natural epitopes, including conformational B-cell epitopes. Peptides display ...

Mast cells generate mediators of inflammation which are stored in granules and secreted on activation either by allergen crosslinking of membrane-bound IgE or through other stimuli. Most methods for mast cell identification rely on the histochemical detection of constituents of the ...

Mast cells are key effector cells of the allergic response. When stimulated by specific allergen through the high-affinity IgE receptors or through other stimuli, these cells release a number of potent mediators of inflammation. Amongst these are the serine proteases tryptase and chyma ...

The activation of mast cells is of pivotal importance in the pathogenesis of allergic conditions. Mast cell activation can provoke rapid increases in microvascular permeability, induce bronchoconstriction after blood flow, stimulate the recruitment and activation of other in ...

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) can be used to assess cell-mediated immunity in general or, via antigen-specific stimulation, to detect previous exposure to a variety of antigens/allergens and to monitor the response to immunotherapies. Peripheral blood is the most common ...

Allergen-specific T-cell lines established from allergic patients provide the opportunity of investigating T-cell functions at the poly- or oligoclonal level. T-cell lines are useful in determining the presence or absence of antigen-specific T-cell reactivity. However, to obta ...

T-cell receptors (TcR) recognize short linear peptides (9–15 amino acid long), which have been processed by an ‘antigen-presenting cell’ and complexed to products of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Peptides of the appropriate shape and charge are able to bind within the groove ...

Allergens are characterized by their ability to be bound by gE. The Swiss-Prot protein database currently lists a partial or complete amino acid sequence of in excess of about 350 allergens. It is not clear how allergens participate in the process of allergic sensitization, the generation of spe ...

The study of monoclonal human T-cell populations has had a fundamental impact on our current knowledge of the function, specificity, and mechanisms of activation of these cells. The frequency of antigen-specific T cells in peripheral blood is low, necessitating several enrichment steps ...

CD8 T cells play an important role in the regulation of allergic disease. Human and murine CD8 T cells have been shown to be capable of differentiating into distinct subsets defined by cytokine profiles analogous to the Th1 and Th2 subsets and termed T cytotoxic 1 (Tc1, IFN-γ producing) and 2 (Tc2, IL-4 prod ...

Dendritic cells (DC) are widely considered to be the major antigen-presenting cell (APC) type in immune responses. These cells are obtained from adherent cells or are purified CD14+ monocytes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by in vitro stimulation with granulocyte, macr ...

Allergy and asthma are characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and chronic mucosal inflammation mediated by CD4+ Th2 lymphocytes and their cytokines. It is unclear why allergic individuals make a Th2-type T-cell response whereas other (non-allergic) individuals do not. Rec ...

前几天才把硕士毕业证领到手，领的过程中，被辅导员训斥了一顿，不过无所谓了，面皮现在越来越厚。十月底提前写好论文，找了家私企去实习了，十二月点辞职了，原因就不说了。这几天在学校收拾东西搬宿舍，空闲之余我想，我该做点什么，要不我的研究生就这么度过了，木有结论似的。这些个算是给我的青春一个交代吧。熊掌和鱼肉不可兼得也努力吧，骚年！观世音菩萨，玉皇大帝，如来佛祖，上帝，圣母玛利亚，春哥......保佑我考上你是电 你是光 你是唯一的神话 我只爱你 ...

因为微生物是肉眼看不见的，所以初学微生物学的学生常不知道外界环境和所有与外界接触的身体各部位均有微生物的存在。实际上它们广泛分布于室内外的空气、水和土壤中，桌、椅和板凳的表面，衣服以及身体的皮肤、粘膜（例如鼻腔、口腔、喉头等的粘膜）等处，因此，可以说微生物是无缝不钻，无孔不入的。在学生第一次进入微生物学实验室时，建立起“微生物无所不在”这一概念是特别重要的，因为这样才能体 ...

普通未生物学实验课的目的是：训练学生掌握微生物学最基本的操作技能；了解微生物学的基本知识；加深理解课堂讲授的某些微生物学理论。同时，通过实验，培养学生观察、思考、分析问题、解决问题和提出问题的能力；养成实事求是、严肃认真的科学态度，以及敢于创新的开拓精神；树立勤俭节约、爱护公物的良好作风。 为了上好微生物学实验课并保证安全，特提出如下注意亊項： 1.每次实验前必须对实 ...

微生物学实验技术和方法是微生物学建立和发展的基础，也曾为整个生命科学技术的发展 做出过积极而重要的贡献。随着分子生物学的诞生及其技术的应用，各学科的交叉和渗进，极大地丰富了微生物学实验技术的内容，井将其推向一个新的发展阶段。而且微生物学实睑技术和方法也已广泛地渗透到现代生命科学的各分支领域，不断发挥着它独特的作用，因此《微生物学实验》是一门十分重要的基础课实验。我们曾分别在1980年和1989年 ...

《微生物学实验》第一版自1980年出版以来已有七八年了，在此期间，经过多次印刷，印数已 达十余万册。它在微生物学的教学和稳定教学秩序方面起了积极的作用，但是也存在不少缺点， 加上近年来微生物学技术发展迅速，因此我们进行了第二版的修订工作。 修订内容和特点如下： 1. 将繁多的实验按类归纳成15个部分，以示条理淸楚，概念分明，每一部分冠以综合性说 明，主要简单介绍该部分的内容W述其在 ...

《微生物学实验》一书是根据1977年10月成都综合性大学生物类教材会议制定的大纲编写 的。在编写过程中，为配合武汉大学、复旦大学编的《微生物学》教材，在内容上有所增加和修改。 本书共有实验40个，内容较多，其中包括与《微生物学》相配合、印证理论以及进行微生物实验所需的基本操作和技能的训练两大部分，各校可根据具体条件酌侑选做。 本书为方便教学，每一实验基本上都按目的要求、基本原理、 ...

微生物广泛存在于周围环境中，其中有些又是病原微生物，从预防感染出发，医务工作者必须严格执行无菌操作，对所用的物品和工作环境进行消毒灭菌，确保医疗与科研正常进行。消毒灭菌主要是通过理化因素使微生物的主要代谢发生障碍，或菌体蛋白质变性凝固，或破坏其遗传物质，导致微生物死亡。这里主要介绍物理因素杀灭微生物的几种方法，以及相关器材的使用。 (一)高压蒸汽灭菌器 1. &nbs ...

感染性疾病的诊断关键在于病原菌的分离与鉴定，人工培养法为细菌提供必要的生长条件，使其在体外生长繁殖。本章着重介绍常用细菌培养基的制备、细菌的接种方法及生化反应鉴定法，最后简介了内毒素的检测。要求同学们了解培养基的制作原则和方法，掌握细菌的分离培养技术。 培养基是指在人工培养细菌时，提供给细菌生长繁殖所必需的营养物质的制品。基础培养基中所含的营养物质能满足一般病原菌生长繁殖所需的氮源 ...