微生物学技术

Over the last 10 years, baculovirus expression vectors have become a very popular and effective means with which to produce recombinant proteins in large quantities (1–5). Posttranslational modifications of the gene products of these insect viruses closely parallel glycosylatio ...

The binding of ligand to the extracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor is the event that initiates the activation of the tyrosine kinase activity present on the cytoplasmic domain. This activation leads to the phosphorylation of the receptor and other cellular sub ...

Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) was first identified as the major glycoprotein in the central nervous system (CNS) through 3Hfucose-labeling experiments (1). It is expressed on the surface of glial cells of both the CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS). During development, it is ...

Almost 50 years ago, Grace reported the successful establishment of continuous cell lines from insects that were without defined biological and biophysical parameters (1 ). Since that time, the minimal distinctive parameters for the establishment, maintenance, and manipulation ...

Ever since the early reports of Goldschmidt (1) and Trager (2) on the in vitro cultivation of lepidopteran tissues, researchers have been interested in using lepidopteran cell cultures for investigations in insect pathology, genetics, and physiology. With the successful development ...

The levels of many recombinant proteins produced using the baculovirus expression vector (BEV) system are extraordinarily high (1, 2), in many cases approaching 1000 mg/L, the level of polyhedrin expression. Unfortunately, other proteins that have been expressed in the BEV system are pro ...

Historically, insect cell culture was considered a method for the production of viral pesticides (1, 2). To support basic research and to explore potential replication of entomopathogenic viruses in vitro, there have been over 400 cell lines established to date from various insect species ...

The development of transfection procedures that optimize the efficiency of recombination events is central to the isolation of recombinant baculoviruses for foreign gene expression. A variety of transfection methods, which were first developed for mammalian cell lines, have be ...

The baculovirus expression system is now a widely accepted tool for the expression of recombinant proteins with many features to recommend it. Selection of recombinants is rapid compared to mammalian expression systems, whereas the capacity to perform many posttranslational modi ...

The classical method for making a recombinant baculovirus relies on homologous recombination in insect cells to replace a segment of the baculovirus genome with the corresponding segment from a transfer vector that has been modified to include a foreign gene. The frequency of this recomb ...

The baculovirus expression system has proven extremely useful in the investigation of the function and structure of a wide variety of proteins produced by the expression of a foreign gene (1). Essential to this system is the isolation of a recombinant baculovirus expressing the foreign gene. ...

The response of Borrelia burgdorferi to the challenge of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a direct result of its limited biosynthetic capabilities and lack of biologically significant levels of intracellular Fe. In other bacteria, the major target for oxidative damage is DNA as a conseque ...

Methods for genetic manipulation of Staphylococci have advanced considerably over the past decade. Transduction is the most common and simplest method for transferring plasmid DNA or chromosomal markers between strains of Staphylococcus aureus. However, some clinical isola ...

Species of the genus Lactobacillus are used worldwide in the production of fermented food or fodder from raw agricultural materials (1). To obtain fermentation products that are reproducible and of high quality, fermentations are initiated by the addition of well-defined starter cult ...

Yeast shuttle vectors are common tools in molecular and cellular studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, including studies of gene structure-function relationships, DNA repair, and recombination (1). Shuttle vectors are manipulated easily in vitro, introduced into Escherich ...

Since first isolated and cultured, there have been numerous reports stating the in vitro susceptibilities of Helicobacter pylori to a wide range of antibacterial agents (1,2), bismuth compounds (3), and compounds inhibiting acid secretion (4).

Baculovirus-based insecticides are currently being used worldwide, and new products are in development in many countries. The most dramatic examples of successful baculovirus insecticides are found in soybean in Brazil and cotton in China. Production of baculoviruses is general ...

Cytokines elicit responses in target cells by inducing changes in gene expression. For interferons (IFNs), this involves receptor-mediated activation of specific transcription factors, which then translocate into the nucleus to bind to cognate gene elements in the promoters of IFN ...

Investigating the cell biology of gene expression requires methodologies for localizing RNA relative to proteins involved in RNA transcription, processing, and export. Adenovirus is an important model system for the analysis of eukaryotic gene expression and is also being used to in ...

RNA interference (RNAi) has attracted a lot of interest during recent years as a method to knock-down gene expression and as a possible antiviral system. Here we present a collection of in vitro methods to study RNAi and the effect of an adenovirus infection on RNAi. We describe methods to measure the two k ...