微生物学技术

Biogenic amines can be formed and degraded as a result of normal metabolic activity in animals, plants, and microorganisms and are usually produced by the decarboxylation of amino acids (1). Recent trends in food security are promoting an increasing search for trace compounds that can affect h ...

Many technological parameters that affect the nature and functional properties of proteins are involved in the preparation of meat products. The dry-curing process is quite complex because of the coexistence of enzymes from endogenous and bacterial origins. The protein breakdown t ...

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are considered weakly lipolytic compared with many other groups of bacteria (e.g., Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Achromobacter). The esterolytic and lipolytic systems of dairy LAB remain poorly characterized. Esterases from lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, a ...

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) comprise a diverse group of Gram-positive, non-sporeforming microorganisms. These bacteria are widely used in food technology. The species identification of LAB depends mainly on physiological and biochemical criteria. The esterolytic systems of LAB ...

Certain gut species are pathogens, but a number of other resident bacteria may be of some benefit to host health. Examples include enterococci, lactobacilli, propionibacteria, and bifidobacteria, which are present in the colon in significant numbers. Identification and classific ...

The oral environment contains many different types of microorganisms, including both Gram-negative and Gram-positive cocci, bacilli, and spirochetes. From the ecological point of view, the oral cavity is a perfect niche for certain bacteria such as lactobacilli (1) because they inter ...

Adhesion of lactobacilli to the epithelium has been described as the first step in the formation of a barrier to prevent undesirable microbial colonization (1); consequently, it has been defined as a characteristic of interest for selecting probiotic strains (2–4).

For the study of probiotic microorganisms, the in vitro selection tests need to be based on a solid scientific foundation (1). Surface characteristics, one of the in vitro properties are used to evaluate the potentially probiotic strains of lactobacilli (2).

The genus Propionibacterium consists of two principal groups, cutaneous and classical or dairy. Cutaneous species are predominant members of the microbial population of human skin and have also been isolated from the feces of humans and other vertebrate animals. They are often conside ...

For many years, it has been recognized that elevated serum cholesterol is a risk factor associated with atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, the latter being a major cause of death in Western countries. Numerous drugs that lower cholesterol have been used to treat hypocholesterol ...

The use of probiotic microorganisms has been widely promoted in the last 20 yr (1). They have been used in the gastrointestinal tract as capsules or as fermented milks (2). The characteristics of the strains proposed as probiotics have been published (3) or patented under an elaboration process (4– ...

Bacteriocins are antibacterial substances produced by many different bacterial species. Although the bacteriocins form a heterogenous group with respect to production of bacteria, antibacterial spectrum, mode of action, and chemical properties, they are by definition prot ...

The flavonoids, constituting one of the most numerous and widespread groups of natural plant constituents, are important to humans not only because they contribute to plant colors but also because many members are physiologically active. These lowmolecular-weight substances, fo ...

Microbiological sampling of utensils, tableware, and kitchenware, in addition to equipment, permits objective evaluation of sanitation practices and procedures used for these items from food service operations (1).

Helicobacter pylori is a major human pathogen causing gastritis and chronic superficial infection (CSG). It colonizes the stomach of more than 50% of humans and causes disease (1). This microorganism is associated with the gastric antral epithelium in patients with active chronic gastr ...

The Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system is a preventive method of ensuring food safety. Its objectives are the identification of consumer safety hazards that can occur in the production line and the establishment of a control process to guarantee a safer product for the co ...

To compare the level of parasitism with gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep and goats, several studies have been conducted (1–3). They have generally shown that goats were more infected than sheep, as they exhibited higher worm burdens and egg excretion. This difference between two host spe ...

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is pathogenic for both animals and humans, causing erysipelas in swine and erysipeloid in humans (1). In swine, disease may be either acute or chronic, resulting in the development of arthritis and endocarditis (2). In Japan, erysipelas remains an animal hygi ...

One of the most difficult challenges in the analysis of environmental samples is to separate the organism of interest from a sample that is high in background debris. Immunomagnetic separation (IMS) is one technique that has been developed to accomplish this in a rapid and reliable assay.

Conventional methods for the evaluation of antimicrobials and disinfecting solutions with microorganisms involve culture-based techniques, which are time-consuming and underestimate the number of viable organisms. Rapid detection and viability measurements of micr ...