免疫学技术

Surfactant protein SP-D is a multimeric collagenous lectin, called collectin. SP-D is a multifunctional, pattern recognition innate immune molecule, which binds in a calcium dependent manner to an array of carbohydrates and lipids, thus offering resistance to invading pathogens, al ...

Surfactant protein SP-A is a hydrophilic glycoprotein, similar to SP-D, which plays an important role in pulmonary surfactant homeostasis and innate immunity. SP-A is actively expressed in the alveolar type II cells and Clara cells. Their basic structure consists of triple-helical coll ...

Non-Shiga-toxin-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (atypical HUS) is a rare form of thrombotic microangiopathy which associates hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. In 10 % of cases the disease is linked to presence of autoantibodies directed against ...

The atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a paradigm of a disease, caused by overactivation of the alternative complement pathway secondary to a not well-understood trigger event. About 60 % of the patients present genetic or acquired abnormalities in the proteins of the alternati ...

Factor H-related proteins (CFHRs) are plasma glycoproteins related in structure and antigenicity to each other and to the complement inhibitory protein factor H. Such proteins are found in most mammals but their number and domain composition vary. This chapter summarizes our current kn ...

Complement Factor H (FH) is an abundant, non-enzymic plasma/serum glycoprotein, which has a major role in regulating activation of the complement system. It can be purified from human plasma/serum by affinity chromatography, using a monoclonal anti-FH antibody as ligand. Other affinity ...

C1 inhibitor is a multipotent serpin capable of inhibiting the classical and the lectin pathways of complement, the fibrinolytic system, and contact/kinin system of coagulation. Deficiency of C1 inhibitor manifest as hereditary angioedema (HAE), an autosomal dominant hereditary ...

Factor I (FI) is a soluble, 88 kDa glycoprotein present in plasma at a concentration of approximately 35 mg/L. FI inhibits all complement pathways as it degrades activated C4b and C3b when these are bound to a cofactor such as C4b-binding protein or factor H. Here, we describe a method for purification of FI f ...

C4b-binding protein (C4BP) is a soluble, 570 kDa large glycoprotein, present in plasma at a concentration of approximately 200 mg/L. C4BP is the main inhibitor of the classical and lectin pathways of complement, where it controls C4b-mediated reactions. Here, we describe a method for purifica ...

Properdin is a member of the alternative pathway of complement. It is unique in that it is the only known positive regulator of the complement system. Properdin can stabilize and promote complement activation, but in addition is also capable of initiating the alternative pathway, making it a uni ...

Ficolins constitute a group of lectins involved in innate immunity. L-Ficolin, H-ficolin, and M-ficolin are present in human serum. The human ficolins differ in carbohydrate-binding specificity, but they have in common the ability to recognize the acetyl group. L-Ficolin and H-ficolin are ...

Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is a soluble pattern recognition molecule of the innate immune system. It is found in plasma in complex with MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs). When MBL recognizes foreign, e.g., the surface of some microorganisms, or altered host surfaces the MASPs are act ...

Pyrosequencing represents one of the most thorough methods used to analyze polymorphisms. One advantage of using pyrosequencing for genotyping is the ability to identify not only single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) but also tri-allelic variations, insertions and deleti ...

In order to comprehensively manipulate the human proteome we require a vast repertoire of pharmacological reagents. To address these needs we have developed repertoires of synthetic antibodies by phage display, where diversified oligonucleotides are used to modify the compleme ...

Here we describe a detailed protocol for the one-step preparation of antigen-specific human chimeric immunoglobulin G (IgG) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) using an in vitro antibody design method referred to as the ADLib (Autonomously Diversifying Library) system. This method empl ...

Antibody humanization is an essential technology for reducing the potential risk of immunogenicity associated with animal-derived antibodies and has been applied to a majority of the therapeutic antibodies on the market. For developing an antibody molecule as a pharmaceutical at t ...

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a herpes virus which in vitro efficiently immortalizes nearly all human B lymphocytes. The lymphoblastoid diploid cell lines (LCL’s) thus generated preserve the characteristics of the cells initially infected by the virus: the cells produce and secrete immu ...

Immunoglobulins (Ig) or antibodies are heavy plasma proteins, with sugar chains added to amino-acid residues by N-linked glycosylation and occasionally by O-linked glycosylation. The versatility of antibodies is demonstrated by the various functions that they mediate such as neu ...

There are over 30 monoclonal antibodies that are FDA approved for a variety of diseases ranging from malignancies to autoimmune diseases to macular degeneration. These antibodies include murine, fully humanized, and chimeric antibodies. There are a number of monoclonal antibodies u ...

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are antibodies of a single antigen specificity produced by identical immune cells, i.e., clones of a common germ cell. They offer unprecedented opportunities to drug development because of their ability to target almost any cell surface or secreted molecule ...