生物化学技术

Proteoglycans (PGs), composed of a core protein and one or more covalently attached sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains, interact with a wide range of bioactive molecules, such as growth factors and chemokines, to regulate cell behaviors in normal and pathological processes. Add ...

Membrane-bound proteoglycans function primarily as coreceptors for many glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-binding ligands at the cell surface. The majority of membrane-bound proteoglycans can also function as soluble autocrine or paracrine effectors as their extracellular dom ...

Lumican regulates collagenous matrix assembly as a keratan sulfate proteoglycan in the cornea and is also present in the connective tissues of other organs and embryonic corneal stroma as a glycoprotein. In normal unwounded cornea, lumican is expressed by stromal keratocytes. Intere ...

Proteoglycans (PGs) impact many aspects of kidney health and disease. Models that permit genetic dissection of PG core protein and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) function have been instrumental to understanding their roles in the kidney. Matrix-associated PGs do not serve critical struc ...

Proteoglycans are macromolecules expressed on the cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix of most animal tissues (Annu Rev Biochem 68:729–777, 1999; Int Rev Cell Mol Biol 276:105–159, 2009). Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are essential for animal development and homeost ...

Aggrecan is essential for the normal function of articular cartilage and intervertebral disc, where it provides the ability for the tissues to withstand compressive loading. This property depends on both the high charge density endowed by its numerous chondroitin sulfate and keratan s ...

Serglycin is a proteoglycan composed of a relatively small (∼17 kDa) core protein to which sulfated glycosaminoglycans of either heparin, heparan sulfate or chondroitin sulfate types are attached. Serglycin is expressed in many cell types, including in particular cells of hematopoi ...

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a class of biopolymers that include chondrotin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate, hyaluronic acid, heparin, and heparan sulfate. The GAGs are linear polysaccharides that are microheterogeneous in composition and polydisperse in size. B ...

Vibrational spectroscopies (VS), INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY and RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY, are well-established techniques for exploring the chemical composition of samples. VS are based on the molecular vibrations and give a spectral signature also called “molecular fingerprint” ch ...

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS), and heparan sulfate/heparin (HS/Hep) are linear polysaccharides and involved in the regulation of various biological events through interaction with functional proteins. GAGs are modi ...

In this chapter, we present the methods developed in our lab for the scintigraphic imaging and direct quantitative evaluation of proteoglycan (PG) distribution in vivo. These methods relate to (1) the synthesis and radiolabeling of the NTP 15-5 with 99mTc, (2) preclinical scintigraphic im ...

Studies of the structural changes invoked in proteins by the binding of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) polysaccharide portion of proteoglycans are of increasing importance to research in a wide range of fields, from biochemistry and molecular biology to biotechnology and medicine. One ...

Cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAG), such as heparan sulfate (HS) and heparin, are key multifunctional cell regulators, which are involved in numerous molecular events associated with tumor growth, metastasis, pathogen attachment, and immune response. GAG dynamically bind a ...

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are covalently linked to proteins, building up a wide range of proteoglycans, with a prevalent expression in the extracellular matrix (ECM). In mammalian tissues, these GAG species are often found as hybrid CS ...

Cerebrospinal fluid (CFS) is the most easily accessible component of the human central nervous system and has been successfully used for the analysis of disease-associated molecular imbalances, particularly for extracellular matrix components. Alterations in the presence of t ...

The complete knockout of genes that give rise to alternative splice products can often provide only an integral view of the dominant function(s) of all the isoforms they encode. If one of these isoforms is indispensable for life, a constitutive and complete inactivation may even preclude any in vi ...

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are promising tools for regenerative medicine as well as for biotechnological research. However, to exploit ESCs for clinical purposes, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control the pluripotency and differentiation of ESCs is requ ...

Versican, a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, is one of the main components of the extracellular matrix and is considered to be crucial to several key cellular processes involved in development and disease. There is differential temporal and spatial expression of versican by multiple ...

Identification of proteoglycan chain modification sites cannot yet be reliably predicted from primary amino acid sequence data. A number of studies have shown that serine is the predominant amino acid that is modified and it is frequently flanked by a C-terminal glycine and proximal N-ter ...

Aggrecan is a large proteoglycan that plays roles in numerous tissues during vertebrate development and adult life. The 6,327-nt chick aggrecan coding sequence had been determined from overlapping clones, but a full-length cDNA, needed for use in transgenic expression studies, had not b ...