生物化学技术

Developing effective tissue-engineered constructs for bone regeneration requires careful assessment of the in vivo bone response to novel biomaterials, scaffold architectures, and biologically augmented, tissue-engineered constructs. Both the implant material and s ...

Skeletal defects resulting from tumor resection, congenital abnormalities, or trauma often require surgical intervention to restore function. Current options for bone replacement include autografts, allografts, metals, ceramics, and polymeric bone cements. However, all ...

Oxidative reactions that modify proteins have been implicated in the pathogenesis of aging and disease (1). It has been difficult to identify the physiologically relevant pathways, however, because the reactive intermediates are short-lived. We attempt to determine which oxidati ...

Advances in analytical methodologies in the isolation, characterization, and quantitation of lipid-soluble antioxidants, such as vitamin E, have evolved since its discovery in 1922 (1). The primary purpose of vitamin E (tocopherol) and its tocopherol homologs is to act as free radical sc ...

Numerous methods have been developed to assess oxidative stress/injury in vivo in humans, which include products of oxidation of lipids, proteins, and DNA. However, it has long been recognized that most methods are unreliable because they measure products that are not specific products of f ...

Fat-soluble vitamins and antioxidants (FSVAs) are a structurally diverse group of compounds (Fig. 1) that play important roles in a wide spectrum of biochemical and physiological processes, e.g., photoreception (vitamin A, retinol); plasma calcium homeostasis (vitamin D2, ergocal ...

Many methods have been developed to assess oxidative stress status in vivo, which include products of lipid, protein, and DNA oxidation. However, it has long been recognized that most of these methods are unreliable because they lack specificity, sensitivity, or are too invasive for human inv ...

Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are generated as part of inflammatory reactions, mostly as a consequence of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (reviewed in refs. 1–3). Typically, nitric oxide (•NO) is produced by macrophage-type cells or, in the central nervous system (CNS), by reactive m ...

Increasing evidence supports a role for oxidative stress in the neuronal degeneration observed in a spectrum of neurological disorders including stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson’s disease (PD), head trauma, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (reviewed in ref. 1). Of p ...

Oxidative stress may be a hallmark of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and Parkinson’s disease (PD), as well as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), frontotemporal dementia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (A ...

Analytical methodologies used to study protein nitration products in biological matrices have evolved over the last few years. Consequently, instrumental methods for measuring nitrated proteins and amino acids have been applied to a wide variety of sample matrices, including cer ...

Living organisms exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) on a continual basis will promote oxidative stress, thereby forming mutations in DNA and damage to cells. As an end result, it has been shown that modified forms of damaged DNA can lead to mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, degenerative dise ...

Oxidative stress has been increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of diverse human diseases. Free radical damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA may all contribute to the pathogenesis of disease. We have recently discovered a series of highly reactive γ-ketoaldehydes t ...

In living cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals are constitutively produced endogenously and also induced by exogenous agents including ionizing radiation, ultraviolet (UV) light, and a various redox cycli ...

The chiral resolutions by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are divided into the following three: one is direct resolution using a chiral stationary phase (CSP); another relies on diastereomer formation with a suitable chiral derivatization reagent; a third techniq ...

Although capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a relatively new technique as compared to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or thin-layer chromatography (TLC), it has increased significantly in popularity over the last decade. The increased attention and use of CE for chi ...

Chromatographic methods are commonly used in the pharmaceutical environment for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of raw materials, active pharmaceutical ingredient, drug products, and compounds in biological fluids. Regulatory requirements (1) mandate that “t ...

A wide number of compounds belonging to the pharmaceutical, biochemical, environmental, and agrochemical fields, due to the presence in their chemical structure of one or more stereogenic center, exhibit two or more optical isomers (at least two enantiomers). Very often, the two enantiom ...

Since the pioneering publication of first paper on application of capillary electrophoresis (CE) in separation of enantiomers in 1985 by Gassmann et al. (1) a large number of such applications with different chiral selectors have been developed (2–8). Cyclodextrins (CDs) are the most freq ...

The vast majority of proteins exercise their action by means of interaction with small molecules. These interactions are in most cases stereospecific, which is not surprising since the proteins themselves are chiral. As a useful consequence, proteins could have a potential as enantiose ...