生物化学技术

One of the most distinguishing features of capillary electrophoresis (CE) is the electroosmotic flow (EOF). This electrokinetic phenomenon originates from the presence on the capillary surface of weakly acid hydroxyl groups attached to the silicon atoms. Different authors have re ...

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has been recognized as a precision tool, which is an excellent analytical technique with high sensitivity, high resolution, and has a robust ability for quantitation of the amount of analyte. It also has proven to be a versatile tool for the separation of an enormo ...

Electrophoresis is a critical separation method of molecular biology and biotechnology. Conventional electrophoresis of nucleic acids is conducted in gels, consisting of crosslinked polyacrylamide or agarose, that provide mechanical support and quench convection. A poly ...

The development of automated DNA sequencing has drawn the attention of many research groups in recent years, especially for the high-throughput demand of the Human Genome Project (1,2). Automation of DNA sequencing based on standard electrophoresis is the most commonly accepted and used ...

Denaturing electrophoresis has widely been used for DNA sequencing and mutation detection. Specific electromigration behavior of completely or partially dissociated DNA molecules is the prerequisite of high-selective separations, based on their size and/or conformation ...

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) in all its various modes is routinely used in the area of life science for the analysis of wide spectra of species ranging from small inorganic/ organic molecules to multi-subunit proteins and mega-size DNA (1). Capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) is the count ...

Two kinds of semi-liquid separation media are frequently used for the separation of DNA by high performance capillary electrophoresis (CE), namely dynamic or entangled free solution polymer sieving matrix, and dilute liquid-gel solutions. Polymer solutions may be defined in three di ...

Field-inversion capillary electrophoresis (FICE) provides many of the same benefits as the more familiar, field-inversion gel electrophoresis (FIGE). In the capillary format, field inversion allows size separation of linear dsDNA into the megabase region. Whereas FIGE separat ...

Electrophoretic analysis of DNA samples is a routine method in biochemistry and molecular biology. Conventional DNA separations in agarose gels are restricted up to a size of about 10 kbp. The reason for this restriction is the molecular orientation of large DNA fragments under the action of an e ...

DNA supercoiling is a general phenomenon of almost all DNA in vivo. Plasmids, bacterial chromosomes, the mitochondrial genome and many viral genomes occur as closed circular DNA. Even some linear DNAs, such as eukaryotic chromosomes and yeast plasmids, behave like circular DNA because part ...

During the last 10 years, capillary electrophoresis (CE) has developed into a powerful analytical method for a wide variety of applications. It tends to replace traditional slab-gel electrophoresis for the separation of complex biological samples (DNA, proteins, carbohydrates) (1 ...

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has become an essential tool in molecular biology for the rapid amplification and analysis of DNA (1). The technique requires the use of oligonucleotide primers that bind to the DNA at a specific region of interest. The region is subsequently copied by enzymat ...

Short segments of DNA, which have been synthesized chemically, are commonly known as synthetic oligonucleotides (ODNs). The length of the ODNs typically utilized in the lab varies but is on average between five and forty nucleotides. Chemical modifications may be selectively placed at va ...

The rapid advance of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides in clinical development has accelerated the need for accurate quantitation of these compounds for quality control and bioanalytical applications (1). Whereas slab-gel polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has been in ...

Electrochemical detection (ED), primarily because of the extraordinary sensitivity and unusual selectivity, has established itself based on the characteristics of microelectrodes as one of important detection methods for capillary electrophoresis (CE) (1). Compared with ...

The therapeutic use of “antisense oligonucleotides” is a new approach to rational drug design (1). Antisense oligonucleotides are short, single-stranded oligonucleotides, which will bind to a complementary sequence of a cellular messenger RNA due to the high specificity of nucleic a ...

It is believed that the majority of cancers are caused by contact with naturally occurring or synthetic chemicals present in the environment. Hence, in theory, if contact with these carcinogens is minimized or eliminated, most cancers could be preventable (1). Cancer is a multistage process in ...

Chemical pollutants, ionizing radiation, the products of aerobic metabolism and UV light are important metabolic and environmental factors contributing to DNA damage. Ionizing radiation, in particular, induces damage in the form of single-strand breaks, double-strand breaks, ...

The methodology described in this chapter was developed to perform DNA adduct research. Chemicals causing DNA adducts can lead to DNA damage, such as strand breaks, by hydrolysis of the DNA adducts. A preliminary screening procedure to detect DNA strand breaks using agarose gel electrophor ...

Damage to DNA by environmental and endogenous agents is considered to be a critical step leading to mutation and subsequent neoplastic transformation and cancer induction. It is also a key event in the cytotoxicity induced by several anti-cancer agents such as ionizing radiation and many of t ...