生物化学技术

Studies of protein structure and function using single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) benefit dramatically from the ability to site-specifically label proteins with small fluorescent dyes. Genetically encoding the unnatural amino acid (UAA) p- ...

Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is a water-soluble, biodegradable derivative of starch that is widely used in biomedicine as a plasma volume expander. Due to its favorable properties, HES is currently being investigated at the industrial and academic levels as a biodegradable polymer subst ...

Fluorescence immunoassays are widely used in life science research, medical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring due to the intrinsically high specificity, simplicity, and versatility of immunoassays as well as the availability of a large variety of fluorescent labeling ...

We present here a general methodology for significantly increasing the number of dye/drug molecules that can be attached per protein molecule. As a demonstration of this approach, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)-based near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) dye- and glucose-incorporated no ...

The inherent difficulty of performing chemical modifications of proteins in a truly site-specific fashion is often compounded by the need to work within complex biological settings. In order to alleviate this complication, targets can be “prelabeled” metabolically with unnatural ...

Organic solvent-soluble nanocrystals suitable for magnetic resonance imaging are prepared by two routes, namely, a coprecipitation method and a multiple-step thermal decomposition method (seed-mediated growth). The size, shape, crystallinity, phase, and composition of the ...

Carbon nanotubes, acting as nanocarriers, can be combined with drug molecules through various chemical or physical routes in which hydrophilic modifications of the nanotubes are required. Such types of hydrophilic modifications typically involve addition reactions at the nan ...

Labeling of cell surface receptors in living cells can be achieved using antibody-conjugated semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). The inherent photostable property of QDs can be exploited for understanding the arrangement and distribution of receptors in the plasma membrane. We desc ...

Biological molecules perform a sophisticated array of transport and signaling functions that rival anything that the modern electronics industry can create. Incorporating such building blocks into nanoelectronic devices could enable new generations of electronic circu ...

Bioconjugation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with biomolecules promises exciting applications such as biosensing, nanobiocomposite formulation, design of drug vector systems, and probing protein interactions. Pristine CNTs, however, are virtually water-insoluble and di ...

This method relates to the preparation of a phospholipid polymer platform and the immobilization of an antibody as a bioaffinity ligand onto the platform to construct a biointerface for highly sensitive immunoassays. The specific phospholipid polymer used in this work is poly (PMBN). The ...

Protein–cell membrane binding interactions control numerous vital biological processes, many of which can go awry during disease onset. However, the study of these events is complicated by the complexity of the membrane bilayer. These efforts would benefit from a rapid and easily acces ...

Immobilized enzymes are currently used in many bioanalytical and biomedical applications. This protocol describes the use of thin films of maleic anhydride copolymers to covalently attach enzymes directly to solid supports at defined concentrations. The concentration and act ...

In this chapter, we describe standardized protocols for the self-assembly of supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) from liposomes with lipid compositions mimicking eukaryote and prokaryote cell membranes. Such SLBs can also contain lipids with polymeric and glycosylated headgroup ...

A well-defined DNA bioconjugated surface is a key component in the development of efficient biosensor platforms for diseases, ranging from point-of-care detection of pathogens and viruses to personalized diagnostics and medication, as well as for drug discovery, forensics, and food ...

How cells interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) is important for a number of fundamental �processes in cell biology. However, the ECM is highly complex and in order to simplify the matrix for cell biological studies, it has been modeled with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkaneth ...

Site-specific immobilization of proteins and peptides on a sensor surface represents a significant challenge for bioanalytical applications such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The most common protocols for covalent protein immobilization usually result in heteroge ...

Over the last decade, scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques, such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), have played an important role in a variety of biophysical research efforts. This straightforward technique has the capability to measure forces down to a few hundred piconewtons, whi ...

The modification of biologicals such as proteins/peptides, small molecules, and other polymers with lipids provides an efficient method for mediating their insertion into liposomes and lipid-core micellar nanocarriers. In this chapter, we describe several representative pr ...

This chapter describes a rapid and efficient approach for the solid-phase synthesis of N-linked glycopeptides that utilizes on-resin glycosylamine coupling to produce N-linked glycosylation sites. In this method, the full-length nonglycosylated peptide is first synthesiz ...