生物化学技术

Affinity chromatography is pervasively accepted and used as a tool in biomedical research and biotechnology; yet its origins only 30 years ago sometimes seem dimmed in history. However, the potential of this technology continues to stimulate continued development and new applicati ...

Although phospho-specific primary antibodies used in immunohistochemistry (IHC) are expected to detect phosphorylated proteins, in some cases these antibodies may also cross-react with nonphosphorylated proteins. Therefore, it is of ultimate importance to employ a control ...

Eicosanoids, arachidonic acid-derived signaling lipid mediators, are newly formed and nonstorable molecules that have important roles in physiological and pathological processes. EicosaCell is a microscopic assay that enables the intracellular detection and localiza ...

Double in situ detection of RNA molecules and proteins in tissue sections is not trivial. A successful experiment heavily depends on the preparation of the tissue as well as the quality of the probes and antibodies. Detection of two or more molecular markers also requires reagents and experimen ...

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells and exhibit two main characteristics that define stem cells: self-renewal and differentiation. MSCs can migrate to sites of injury, inflammation, and tumor. Moreover, MSCs undergo myofibroblast-like differentiation, inclu ...

Simultaneous detection of multiple tissue antigens is one of the most frequently used immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques. In order to avoid cross-reactivity of each secondary antibody with multiple primary antibodies when doing either dual- or triple-labeling immunofluo ...

The ability to detect transient changes in molecular networks lies at the heart of cancer biology research. This is especially apparent during tumorigenesis, where initiating mutations typically affect mitogens and cell-cycle molecules such as PDGF or retinoblastoma protein (Rb ...

Psychiatric disorders including anxiety, depression, and addiction are both precipitated and exacerbated by severe or chronic stress exposure. While acutely, stress responses are adaptive, repeated exposure to stress can dysregulate the brain in such a way as to predispose the orga ...

In recent years, techniques that combine the use of phospho-specific antibodies and multiparameter flow cytometry have been developed for the detection of protein phosphorylation at the single cell level. Flow cytometry is uniquely suited for this type of analysis, as it can measure func ...

The dramatic increase in computer processing power in combination with the availability of high-quality digital cameras during the last 10 years has fertilized the grounds for quantitative microscopy basedon digital image analysis. With the present introduction of robust scann ...

Augmentation of digital images is almost always a necessity in order to obtain a reproduction that matches the appearance of the original. However, that augmentation can mislead if it is done incorrectly and not within reasonable limits. When procedures are in place for ensuring that origin ...

Computational models of biological processes are important building blocks in Systems Biology studies. Calibration and validation are two important steps for moving a mathematical model to a computational model. While calibration refers to finding numerical value of the coeffi ...

Formalin is the most commonly used fixative for light microscopy because of its preservation of �morphological details. A major adverse effect of formalin fixation is formation of cross-linkages between epitopes (amino acid residues) and unrelated proteins by formaldehyde grou ...

The ability to adequately measure the phosphorylation state of a protein has major biological as well as clinical relevance. Due to its variable nature, reversible protein phosphorylations are sensitive to changes in the tissue environment. Stabilizor T1 is a system for rapid inactiva ...

Phosphoproteins are considered to be among the most important proteins in the body. They are the proteins that regulate almost all cell processes from cell division in cancer to neuronal signal transduction in learning and memory. This review will describe the development of a revolutiona ...

Despite its overall simplicity, protein blotting or Western blotting has been proven to be a powerful procedure for the immunodetection of proteins, especially those that are of low abundance, following electrophoresis. The usefulness of this procedure stems from its ability to provi ...

The in situ expression levels and subcellular localization of molecules involved in signal transduction using specific antibodies can be useful for prognosis and diagnosis of human diseases such as cancer. In addition, it has the potential to be helpful in monitoring biologic response to ...

Protein phosphorylation is a universal key posttranslational modification that affects the activity and other properties of intracellular proteins. Phosphosite-specific antibodies can be produced as polyclonals or monoclonals in different animal species, and each app ...

Nonprotein amino acids are the amino acids that are not found in protein-main chains and mostly originate in plants, microorganisms, and marine products. Certain nonprotein amino acids exhibit biological activities by themselves, and many of them are important constituents of biolo ...

Alkene isosteres are important nonhydrolyzable and rigidified analogs of peptide bonds. The (E-alkene effectively mimics the three-dimensional structure of the amide bond, especially the C(α) n −C(α) n+1 distance (Fig. 1). The incorporation of an alkene isostere into a biologically act ...