【背景知识】 生物素(维生素 H)广泛存在于细菌、真菌、高等植物和动物组织中。在食物中,大部分生物素与蛋白质共价结合,而只有一小部分以游离形式存在。在消化过程中,生物素(biotinyl-lysine)从蛋白质中释放出来,与生物素一样,很容易被肠道吸收,然后在血浆和红细胞中的生物素的作用下释放出生物素。酶生物胞素酶,然后作为许多生物素依赖性酶的辅助组。生物素的每日需求量难以估计,因为健康的肠道菌群通过内源性合成显着有助于满足维生素 H 的需求。建议成人每日摄入100-200 ug 慢性血液透析患者,毫克范围内的补充剂显示神经病理状况和糖代谢明显改善。 例如,生物素缺乏症状是由肠道菌群的破坏或极端的饮食习惯(例如经常食用生鸡蛋)引起的。生物素缺乏的后果可能是:皮炎、脱发、厌食、肌张力减退、抑郁和生殖障碍。
参考文献: 1. Lynen, F., Knappe,J., Lorch, E.,Jutting,G. and Ringelmann,E.(1959)Angew.Chem.71,481. 2. Wakil, S.J.and Gibson, D.M. (1960)Biochim.Biophys.Acta 41,122. 3. Bonjour,J.P. (1977) Int.J.Vit.Nutr. Res.47,107. 4.Dakshinamurti, K.and Bhagavan,H.N.eds.(1985)Biotin, Vol.447, pp. 1-441,Ann.N.Y.Acad, Sci., New York 5. Watanabe,T. (1983)J.Nutr.113,574. 6. Green, N.M.(1970) in Methods in Enzymology (McCormick, D.B. and Wright, L.D.,eds),Vol.18, pp.383-385,Academic press, New York. 7. Hood, R.L. (1979) in Methods in Enzymology (McCormick. D.B. and Wright, L.D.,eds.), Vol.62, pp. 279-283,Academic Press, New York. 8. Dakshinamurtik. and Allan, L. in Methods in Enzymology (McCormick,D.B. and Wright,L.D., eds),Vol. 62, pp. 284-287,Academic press, New York. 11 January2006. 9. Green, N.M.(1970) in Methods in Enzymology (McCormick, D.B. and Wright, L.D.,eds), Vol. 18, pp.418-424,Academic press,New York. 10.Lin.H.J.and Kirsch, J.F. (1979) in Methods in Enzymology (McCormick, D.B. andWright, L.D., eds), Vol.62, pp. 287-289,Academic press, New York. 11.Al-Hakiem, M.H.H., Landon, J., Smith, D.S.and Nargessi,R.D.(1981)Anal.Biochem.116,264. 12.Büttner,J.,Borth,R.,Boutwell,J.H,Broughton,P.M.G.and Bowyer,R.C.(1979)Quality control in clinical chemistry.Clin. Chim.Acta 98,145F-162F. 13.Livaniou,E., Evangelatos, G.P. and lthakissios, D.S.(1987) Clin. Chem. 33,1983-1988. 14.Biesalski, H.K.,Bischoff, S.C.&Puchstein, C., 2010.Ernahrungsmedizin: Nach dem Curriculum Ernahrungsmedizin der Bundesarztekammer und der DGE 4th ed.,Thieme.