Palmitic Acid

棕榈酸是一种长链饱和脂肪酸，约占人类总血浆脂质的25%和总饱和脂肪酸的65%。棕榈酸通过与蛋白质的酰化作用，帮助锚定膜结合蛋白到脂质双层并参与细胞内蛋白质的转运，还促进蛋白质与囊泡的相互作用，并调节多种G蛋白偶联受体功能。在AsPC-1胰腺癌细胞中，棕榈酸能增加NF-ĸBp65水平、MMP-9活性和活性氧（ROS）的产生，并在200µM浓度下促进细胞迁移。在RAW264.7细胞中，它能增加COX-2水平，在小鼠腹膜巨噬细胞中，能增强LPS诱导的IL-1β水平和半胱天冬酶-1活性。此外，在小鼠中，棕榈酸在为期12周的2.2%w/w的饮食中，能提高海马BACE1活性和Aβ42水平。它还会导致小鼠心脏的收缩功能障碍。进一步的研究表明，代谢综合征患者的红血球棕榈酸水平较未患病的个体较高，而2型糖尿病患者的血浆中棕榈酸水平也高于无糖尿病者。A long-chain saturated fatty acid; comprises ~25 and 65% of the human total plasma lipids and saturated fatty acids, respectively; acylation of palmitic acid to proteins facilitates anchoring of membrane-bound proteins to the lipid bilayer and trafficking of intracellular proteins, promotes protein-vesicle interactions, and regulates various G protein-coupled receptor functions; increases NF-ĸB p65 levels, MMP-9 activity, and production of ROS in in AsPC-1 pancreatic cancer cells, as well as increases migration of AsPC-1 cells at 200 µM; increases COX-2 levels in RAW 264.7 cells and increases LPS-induced IL-1β levels and caspase-1 activity in isolated mouse peritoneal macrophages; increases mouse hippocampal BACE1 activity and Aβ42 levels in mice at 2.2% w/w for 12 weeks in the diet; induces systolic contractile dysfunction in isolated mouse hearts; red blood cell palmitic acid levels are increased in patients with metabolic syndrome compared to patients without metabolic syndrome and are also increased in the plasma of patients with type 2 diabetes compared to individuals without diabetes.