R&D Systems货号7666-MB-005重组小鼠TG

R&D Systems货号7666-MB-005重组小鼠TGF-beta 1 Protein上海睿安生物R&D Systems-Tocris官方正式授权代理19121878899

Recombinant Mouse TGF-beta 1 Protein Summary

• R&D Systems CHO-derived Recombinant Mouse TGF-beta 1 Protein(7666-MB)
• Quality control testing to verify active proteins with lot specific assays by in-house scientists
• All R&D Systems proteins are covered with a 100% guarantee

Recombinant mouse TGF-beta 1(7666-MB) inhibits IL-4-dependent proliferation in the HT-2 mouse T cell line. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.04-0.2 ng/mL.

Background: TGF-beta 1

TGF-beta 1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) is one of three closely related mammalian members of the large TGF‑ beta superfamily that share a characteristic cystine knot structure (1‑7). TGF‑ beta 1, -2 and -3 are highly pleiotropic cytokines that are proposed to act as cellular switches that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (1‑4). Each TGF‑ beta isoform has some non‑redundant functions; for TGF‑ beta 1, mice with targeted deletion show defects in hematopoiesis and endothelial differentiation, and die of overwhelming inflammation (2). Human or mouse TGF‑ beta 1 cDNA encodes a 390 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 29 aa signal peptide and a 361 aa proprotein (8). A furin‑like convertase processes the proprotein to generate an N‑terminal 249 aa latency‑associated peptide (LAP) and a C‑terminal 112 aa mature TGF‑ beta 1 (8, 9). Disulfide‑linked homodimers of LAP and TGF‑ beta 1 remain non‑covalently associated after secretion, forming the small latent TGF‑ beta 1 complex (8‑10). Covalent linkage of LAP to one of three latent TGF‑ beta binding proteins (LTBPs) creates a large latent complex that may interact with the extracellular matrix (9, 10). TGF‑ beta is activated from latency by pathways that include actions of the protease plasmin, matrix metalloproteases, thrombospondin 1 and a subset of integrins (10). Mature mouse TGF‑ beta 1 shares 99‑100% aa sequence identity with human, rat, equine, porcine, canine and bovine TGF‑ beta 1. It demonstrates cross‑species activity (1). TGF‑ beta 1 signaling begins with high‑affinity binding to a type II ser/thr kinase receptor termed TGF‑ beta  RII. This receptor then phosphorylates and activates a second ser/thr kinase receptor, TGF‑ beta  RI (also called activin receptor‑like kinase (ALK) ‑5), or alternatively, ALK‑1. This complex phosphorylates and activates Smad proteins that regulate transcription (3, 11, 12). Contributions of the accessory receptors betaglycan (also known as TGF‑ beta  RIII) and endoglin, or use of Smad‑independent signaling pathways, allow for disparate actions observed in response to TGF‑ beta in different contexts (11).