胶质纤维酸性蛋白抗体GFAP

星形胶质细胞标志物 （Astrocyte Marker） 
GFAP是一个56kDa的中间丝蛋白（intermediate filament，IF），在中枢神经系统发育期是一个特异性的标志物，以区别星形细胞和其它胶质细胞。GFAP表达在皮层和海马,急、慢性皮质酮治疗时表达减少。
GFAP可以和人、大鼠、小鼠的GFAP反应，在正常和肿瘤性的星形胶质细胞阳性表达，而神经节细胞、神经元、成纤维细胞、少突胶质细胞和这些细胞来源的肿瘤细胞阴性表达，主要用于星形胶质瘤等中枢神经系统肿瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断,GFAP的缺乏可导致AD病。

文献引用：
具体参考文献（14），BS－019R在14篇文献中被引用。[IF＝10.82 ]赵，Hongyu等人。缺乏EPG5的小鼠表现出选择性神经元变性的易感性。《细胞生物学杂志》（2013）。IHC-P；小鼠。PubMed：23479740（IF＝4.65）赵，Yan G.，等。p53诱导的基因EI24是基础自噬途径的重要组成部分。《生物化学杂志》287.50（2012）：42053-42063。老鼠。PubMed：23074225（IF＝3.73）项，Yanxiao等。乙酰葛根素对原代大鼠星形胶质细胞中二十碳五烯酸信号通路的抗炎作用。《分子神经科学杂志》（2013）：1-9 IF（ICC）；大鼠。PubMed：24130900（IF＝2.93）刘，杨等人。一种简单的大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞分离培养方法：“微血管研究”（2013）。老鼠。PubMed：23978334（IF＝2.89）项，Yanxiao等。乙酰葛根素对原代大鼠星形胶质细胞中二十碳五烯酸信号通路的抗炎作用。《分子神经科学杂志》（2013）：1-9小鼠。PubMed：24026619（IF＝1.29）扇，李兴等。老年人骨髓多能干细胞定向分化能有效地产生多巴胺神经元。“体外细胞与发育生物学动物（2013）：1-9。人类。PubMed：24163158（IF＝2.65）左，岱英等。胶质细胞的存在减轻了对新生大鼠皮层神经胶质细胞混合培养的神经毒性和胶质细胞介导的2-PMPA的保护作用。老鼠。PubMed：24931484（IF＝10.53）MA，Benyu等。DAPPR1通过增强BeCY1-VPS34-ATG14L复合物的形成促进细胞自噬。“细胞研究（2014））。IHC-F；小鼠。PubMed：24980960（IF＝7.58）山，春蕾等人。高效的硬脂酸阳离子肽在肿瘤细胞和多能干细胞中的基因递送。“生物医学纳米技术杂志10.11（2014）：323～3243。其他；PubMed：26000383（IF＝5.29）DU，Wenzhong等。miR－326靶向SMO癌基因抑制胶质瘤生物学行为和神经干预后。神经肿瘤学（2014）：NU217。IHC-F；人。PubMed：25173582（IF＝11.42）赵，Yan G.等人。自噬基因WDR45／WiPI4调节学习记忆功能和轴突稳态，“自噬（2015））。IHC-P；小鼠。PubMed：26000824（IF＝2.86）莫里，Miki等人。基质细胞衍生因子-1α在大鼠脑损伤中的神经保护作用中起关键作用。“国际分子科学杂志16.8（2015）：18018-18032）。IHC-F；大鼠PubMed：26251894（IF＝2.47）严，宇辉等人。蛇床子素通过PI3K/Akt-1途径保护骨髓源性神经干细胞免于氧化损伤。“神经化学研究（2016）：1-8。其他；鼠标

背景：
该基因编码成熟星形胶质细胞的主要中间丝蛋白之一。它是一种标记，以区分星形胶质细胞与其他神经胶质细胞在发育过程中。这种基因的突变导致亚历山大病，这是中枢神经系统中罕见的星形胶质细胞疾病。选择性剪接导致多个转录变体编码不同的亚型。[ RefSeq，OCT 2008提供]

功能：
GFAP，Ⅲ类中间丝，是一种细胞特异性标志物，在中枢神经系统发育过程中，区分星形胶质细胞与其他神经胶质细胞。

Subunit：
与Simm相互作用。异构体3与pSEN1（通过N-末端）相互作用。

亚细胞定位：
细胞质。注释=与中间丝相关。

组织特异性：
在缺乏纤维连接蛋白的细胞中表达。

翻译后修饰：
pKN1磷酸化。

疾病：
GFAP中的缺陷是亚力山大病（AlxED）的一个原因[MIM：203450 ]。亚力山大病是一种罕见的中枢神经系统疾病。它是一种进行性白质脑病，其特征是星形胶质细胞中的细胞质夹杂物罗森塔尔纤维的广泛积累。最常见的形式影响婴幼儿，其特点是中央髓鞘渐进性衰竭，通常导致死亡通常在第一个十年之内。患有亚力山大病的婴儿发展为脑积水、脑积水、癫痫发作和精神运动迟缓。青少年或成人形式的患者通常经历共济失调、延髓症状和痉挛，并且进展较慢。

相似性：
属于中间丝家族。

瑞士：
P14136

Gene ID：
二千六百七十

Sample: 
Cerebellum (Rat) Lysate at 40 ug
Cerebellum (Mouse) Lysate at 40 ug
Eye (Mouse) Lysate at 40 ug
Primary: Anti-GFAP (bs-0199R) at 1/300 dilution
Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG at 1/20000 dilution
Predicted band size: 48 kD
Observed band size: 48 kD


Sample:Optic nerve (Rat)cell Lysate at 40 ug
Primary: Anti-GFAP(bs-0199R)at 1/300 dilution
Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-RabbitIgG at 1/20000 dilution
Predicted band size: 48 kD
Observed band size: 53 kD


Sample: U251 Cell Lysate at 40 ug
Primary: Anti- GFAP (bs-0199R) at 1/300 dilution
Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG at 1/10000 dilution
Predicted band size: 48 kD
Observed band size: 50 kD


Tissue/cell: rat brain tissue; 4% Paraformaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded; 
Antigen retrieval: citrate buffer ( 0.01M, pH 6.0 ), Boiling bathing for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% Hydrogen peroxide for 30min; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum,C-0005) at 37℃ for 20 min; 
Incubation: Anti-GFAP Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated(bs-0199R) 1:400, overnight at 4°C, followed by conjugation to the secondary antibody(SP-0023) and DAB(C-0010) staining


Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (Mouse brain); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GFAP) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (bs-0199R) at 1:400 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining.

Tissue/cell: rat brain tissue; 4% Paraformaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded; 
Antigen retrieval: citrate buffer ( 0.01M, pH 6.0 ), Boiling bathing for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% Hydrogen peroxide for 30min; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum,C-0005) at 37℃ for 20 min; 
Incubation: Anti-GFAP Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated(bs-0199R) 1:500, overnight at 4°C, followed by conjugation to the secondary antibody(SP-0023) and DAB(C-0010) staining


Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (Human brain glioma); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GFAP) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (bs-0199R) at 1:400 overnight at 4°C, followed by a conjugated Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG antibody (bs-0295G-FITC) for 90 minutes, and DAPI for nuclei staining.

Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (rat brain); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GFAP) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (bs-0199R) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by a conjugated secondary (bs-0295G-Cy3) at [1:500] for 90 minutes and DAPI staining of the nuclei.

Tissue/cell: rat brain tissue;4% Paraformaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded; 
Antigen retrieval: citrate buffer ( 0.01M, pH 6.0 ), Boiling bathing for 15min; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum,C-0005) at 37℃ for 20 min; 
Incubation: Anti-GFAP Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated(bs-0199R) 1:400, overnight at 4°C; The secondary antibody was Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG, Cy3 conjugated(bs-0295G-Cy3)used at 1:200 dilution for 40 minutes at 37°C. DAPI(5ug/ml,blue,C-0033) was used to stain the cell nuclei


Blank control: RSC96(blue). 
Primary Antibody:Rabbit Anti- GFAP antibody(bs-0199R), Dilution: 1μg in 100 μL 1X PBS containing 0.5% BSA; 
Isotype Control Antibody: Rabbit IgG(orange) ,used under the same conditions ); 
Secondary Antibody: Goat anti-rabbit IgG-PE(white blue), Dilution: 1:200 in 1 X PBS containing 0.5% BSA.
Protocol
The cells were fixed with 2% paraformaldehyde (10 min) , then permeabilized with 90% ice-cold methanol for 30 min on ice. Primary antibody (bs-0199R, 1μg /1x10^6 cells) were incubated for 30 min on the ice, followed by 1 X PBS containing 0.5% BSA + 1 0% goat serum (15 min) to block non-specific protein-protein interactions. Then the Goat Anti-rabbit IgG/PE antibody was added into the blocking buffer mentioned above to react with the primary antibody at 1/200 dilution for 30 min on ice. Acquisition of 20,000 events was performed.