华拓细胞库:HPAEpiC人肺泡上皮细胞
The bronchi in the lungs are repeatedly branched into numerous bronchioles, their ends bulging into sacs surrounded by many small protruding vesicles called alveoli. Small alveolar cells, also known as type I alveolar cells, are about 0.1 microns thick and have a basement membrane at the base. Large alveolar cells, also known as type II alveolar cells, secrete a surface active substance (dipalmitoyl lecithin) to reduce alveolar surface tension. Type II alveolar cells were located between type I alveolar cells, and the number of type II cells was more than that of type I alveolar cells, but the coverage area was smaller than that of type I alveolar cells. The cells are cuboidal or round, with their tips protruding into the alveolar cavity. The nucleus is round and the cytoplasm is light colored and foamy. Under electron microscope, the cells were free and had a few microvilli, rich mitochondria and lysosomes in the cytoplasm, and well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex. There are more secretory particles above the nucleus, with high electron density and varying sizes. The particles with a diameter of 0.1-1.0μm contain parallel lamellar structures, which are called hungry lamellar bodies. The main components in the body are phospholipids, mainly dipalmitoyl lecithin, in addition to glycosaminoglycan and protein. After the particles are released, a layer of mucus, called surfactant, forms on the surface of the alveoli. Surfactant can reduce the surface tension of alveoli and stabilize the size of alveoli. During exhalation, alveolar shrinkage, surface active substance density increase, surface tension decrease, prevent excessive collapse of alveolar; During inhalation, the alveolar dilates, the density of surface active substances decreases, and the alveolar retraction force increases, which can prevent excessive alveolar expansion.
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