【背景资料】:The NF-κB transcription factors regulate the expression of genes involved in inflammation, immunity, cell proliferation, apoptosis and oncogenesis, with the NF-κB signaling pathway typically being induced in response to proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, TNF-α), antigens and endotoxins. Although different receptors and downstream molecules are engaged depending on the stimulus, they all transduce signals through the IKK complex.These active complexes comprise two catalytic kinase subunits, IKKalpha and/or IKKbeta, and a dimer of regulatory subunits termed NEMO (NF-κB essential modulator), which is required for IKK complex activity and subsequent NF-κB activation. The N-terminal part of NEMO interacts with the IKK kinases, whereas the regulatory C-terminal half is involved in signal recognition and contains a ubiquitin binding domain (UBD). The UBD preferentially interacts with K63-linked polyubiquitin chains, which are required for signaling from several different NF-κB receptors including TNFR1.Recombinant protein expressed with N-terminal GST-tag.