Anti-MIF / Macrophage Migratio

​Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a pivotal role in regulating innate immunity and inflammation. Initially identified for its ability to inhibit the random migration of macrophages, MIF is now recognized as a pro-inflammatory mediator involved in various immune responses. It is produced by numerous cell types, including T cells and macrophages, and is released in response to stimuli such as bacterial antigens and stress signals. MIF exerts its effects by binding to the CD74 receptor, initiating signaling cascades that activate pathways like ERK1/2, PI3K-Akt, and NF-κB, which are crucial for immune cell activation and survival. Additionally, MIF can counteract the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids, thereby sustaining inflammatory responses. Beyond its immunological functions, MIF possesses enzymatic activities, including tautomerase and oxidoreductase functions, although the physiological relevance of these activities remains under investigation. Elevated levels of MIF have been associated with various pathological conditions, such as autoimmune diseases, infections, and cancers, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.