BioLegend 752906 Recombinant H

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BioLegend 752906 Recombinant Human TRAIL (TNFSF10) (carrier-free)
产品简介：
产品品牌：BioLegend
产品货号：752906
产品名称：BioLegend 752906 Recombinant Human TRAIL (TNFSF10) (carrier-free)
产品规格：100 µg

产品说明：
Regulatory Status   RUO
Other Names
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) , APO2 Ligand (APO2L), CD253, TL2

描述
人TNF相关凋亡诱导配体（TRAIL）是一种II型膜蛋白，由281个氨基酸组成，在氨基酸水平上与小鼠蛋白（291个氨基酸）具有65%的同一性。TRAIL细胞外结构域可被切割形成具有生物活性的可溶性形式。TRAIL与两种诱导细胞凋亡的受体TRAIL-R1（DR4）和TRAIL-R2（DR5）以及两种诱饵受体TRAIL-R3（LIT，DcR1）和TRAL-R4（TRUNDD，DcR2）结合。此外，TRAIL与骨保护素（OPG）结合，后者是一种可溶性受体。一旦TRAIL与R1或R2结合，细胞凋亡过程就开始于受体三聚和死亡诱导信号复合物（DISC）的形成。随后，Fas相关死亡结构域（FADD）易位到DISC，与受体的死亡结构域相互作用，并募集原发酶8和10。TRAIL在自然杀伤（NK）细胞介导和IFNγ依赖性抑制肿瘤细胞生长中起着关键作用。此外，TRAIL和CD95L参与T辅助因子1（Th1）和T辅助因子2（Th2）反应的调节。TRAIL和CD95L在Th1和Th2细胞中相互表达。体外分化的Th1细胞上调CD95L，而Th2细胞表达TRAIL。Th1细胞比Th2细胞对TRAIL诱导的细胞凋亡更敏感，抗细胞凋亡调节因子c-FLIP似乎参与了这一过程。TRAIL靶向癌症细胞，是一种有吸引力的化学治疗剂。因此，重组人TRAIL变体、激动性DR4和DR5特异性抗体处于临床前开发阶段。
Human TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a type II membrane protein that consists of 281 amino acids and shares 65% identity with the mouse protein (291 amino acids) at the amino acid level. The TRAIL extracellular domain can be cleaved to form a biologically active soluble form. TRAIL binds to two apoptosis-inducing receptors, TRAIL-R1 (DR4) and TRAIL-R2 (DR5), and two decoy receptors, TRAIL-R3 (LIT, DcR1) and TRAIL-R4 (TRUNDD, DcR2). In addition, TRAIL binds to osteoprotegerin (OPG), which is a soluble receptor. Once TRAIL binds to the R1 or R2, the apoptosis process begins with the receptor trimerization and formation of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC). Subsequently, the Fas-associated death domain (FADD) translocates to the DISC, interacts with the death domain (DD) of the receptors, and recruits procaspases 8 and 10. TRAIL plays a key role in natural killer (NK) cell-mediated and IFNγ-dependent suppression of tumor cell growth. Also, TRAIL and CD95L participate in the regulation of T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2) responses. There is a reciprocal expression of TRAIL and CD95L in Th1 and Th2 cells. In vitro-differentiated Th1 cells up-regulate CD95L, whereas Th2 cells express TRAIL. Th1 cells are more sensitive than Th2 cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, and c-FLIP, an anti-apoptotic regulator, seems to participate in this process. TRAIL targets cancer cells and is an attractive chemotherapeutic agent. Thus, recombinant human TRAIL variants, agonistic DR4, and DR5-specific antibodies are in preclinical development.

Product Details
Source
Human TRAIL, amino acids (Thr95 - Gly281) (Accession# NM_003810), was expressed in CHO cells with ASM-6His tag at the NH2-terminal.

Molecular Mass
The 196 amino acid recombinant protein has a predicted molecular mass of approximately 22.7 kD. The protein migrates at approximately 23 kD in DTT-reducing conditions and at approximately 50 kD in non-reducing conditions by SDS-PAGE. The predicted N-terminal amino acid is Ala.

Purity
>95%, as determined by Coomassie stained SDS-PAGE.

Formulation
0.22 µm filtered protein solution is in 20mM NaHPO4, 0.3M NaCl, 2mM CHAPS, pH 7.4.

Endotoxin Level
Less than 0.1 ng per µg cytokine as determined by the LAL method.

Concentration
10 and 25 µg sizes are bottled at 200 µg/mL. 100 µg size and larger sizes are lot-specific and bottled at the concentration indicated on the vial. To obtain lot-specific concentration and expiration, please enter the lot number in our Certificate of Analysis online tool.

Storage & Handling
Unopened vial can be stored between 2°C and 8°C for up to 2 weeks, at -20°C for up to six months, or at -70°C or colder until the expiration date. For maximum results, quick spin vial prior to opening. The protein can be aliquoted and stored at -20°C or colder. Stock solutions can also be prepared at 50 - 100 µg/mL in appropriate sterile buffer, carrier protein such as 0.2 - 1% BSA or HSA can be added when preparing the stock solution. Aliquots can be stored between 2°C and 8°C for up to one week and stored at -20°C or colder for up to 3 months. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.

Activity
ED50 = 4 - 16 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of 0.0625 - 0.25 x 106 units/mg, as determined by the cytotoxic effect on L929 cells.
Application   Bioassay

Antigen Details
Structure   Homotrimer.
Distribution
Natural killer cells (NK), T cells, NKT cells, dendritic cells (DCs), B cells, monocytes, and macrophages. Neutrophils can release soluble TRAIL after appropriate stimulation.

Function
TRAIL/TRAIL receptor complex has immunosuppressive, immunoregulatory, proviral or antiviral, and tumor immunosurveillance functions. LPS and IFNβ induce TRAIL in monocytes and macrophages. IFNγ induces it on monocytes, DCs, and NK cells.

Interaction
Adipocytes, cancer cells, human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and influenza-virus-infected pulmonary epithelial cells.

Ligand/Receptor
TNFRSF10A/TRAILR1, TNFRSF10B/TRAILR2, TNFRSF10C/TRAILR3, TNFRSF10D/TRAILR4, and TNFRSF11B/OPG (osteoprotegerin).
Biology Area    Immunology  
 Molecular Family   CD Molecules

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