大麻素受体1缺失对小鼠肝脏线粒体稳态的影响:线粒体未折叠蛋白反应的见解

The impact of cannabinoid receptor 1 absence on mouse liver mitochondria homeostasis: insight into mitochondrial unfolded protein response.

作者信息Rosalba Senese, Giuseppe Petito, Elena Silvestri, Maria Ventriglia, Nicola Mosca, Nicoletta Potenza, Aniello Russo, Sara Falvo, Francesco Manfrevola, Gilda Cobellis, Teresa Chioccarelli, Veronica Porreca, Vincenza Grazia Mele, Rosanna Chianese, Pieter de Lange, Giulia Ricci, Federica Cioffi, Antonia Lanni
PMID39512900
发布时间2024-10-12
DOI10.3389/fcell.2024.1464773

实验完整度

高

包含体外生化检测(COX活性、BN-PAGE、Western blot、RT-qPCR)、体内动物模型(CB1−/−小鼠)及超微结构分析(TEM),并涉及功能验证和机制验证。

主要模型

CB1−/−小鼠肝脏 CB1+/+小鼠肝脏 肝脏线粒体

重点核对

CB1基因敲除小鼠模型(CB1−/−,CD1背景) 肝脏线粒体分离和功能检测(COX活性、BN-PAGE) 氧化应激指标(H2O2、4-HNE) 线粒体质量控制相关蛋白表达(如PGC1α、OPA1、DRP1) UPRmt和UPRER通路激活(ATF4、ATF5、CHOP、P-PERK)

摘要

Introduction: The contribution of Cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) in mitochondrial energy transduction mechanisms and mitochondrial activities awaits deeper investigations. Our study aims to assess the impact of CB1 absence on the mitochondrial compartment in the liver, focusing on both functional aspects and remodeling processes.Methods: We used CB1-/- and CB1+/+ male mice. Cytochrome C Oxidase activity was determined polarographically. The expression and the activities of separated mitochondrial complexes and supercomplexes were performed by using Blue-Native Page, Western blotting and histochemical staining for in-gel activity. Key players of Mitochondrial Quality Control processes were measured using RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Liver fine sub-cellular ultrastructural features were analyzed by TEM analysis.Results and discussion: In the absence of CB1, several changes in the liver occur, including increased oxidative capacity, reduced complex I activity, enhanced complex IV activity, general upregulation of respiratory supercomplexes, as well as higher levels of oxidative stress. The mitochondria and cellular metabolism may be affected by these changes, increasing the risk of ROS-related damage. CB1-/- mice show upregulation of mitochondrial fusion, fission and biogenesis processes which suggests a dynamic response to the absence of CB1. Furthermore, oxidative stress disturbs mitochondrial proteostasis, initiating the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). We noted heightened levels of pivotal enzymes responsible for maintaining mitochondrial integrity, along with heightened expression of molecular chaperones and transcription factors associated with cellular stress reactions. Additionally, our discoveries demonstrate a synchronized reaction to cellular stress, involving both UPRmt and UPRER pathways.

实验结论

提炼研究问题、关键发现与证据,快速把握文章的核心贡献。

研究问题
CB1缺失对肝脏线粒体功能和结构的影响,以及其如何影响线粒体质量控制机制。
核心机制
CB1缺失导致氧化应激增加,进而触发线粒体未折叠蛋白反应(UPRmt),并伴随UPRER的协同激活,以维持线粒体蛋白稳态。
主要证据
基于CB1−/−和CB1+/+小鼠肝脏的比较,通过COX活性、BN-PAGE、H2O2/4-HNE检测、Western blot和RT-qPCR等实验,观察到线粒体呼吸链功能改变、氧化应激增强及UPRmt相关蛋白水平升高。
研究意义
该研究揭示了CB1在维持线粒体功能和细胞健康中的关键作用,为涉及线粒体功能障碍和氧化应激的疾病提供了潜在治疗靶点。

研究路径

按研究推进顺序梳理实验设计、验证步骤与关键观察。

1

动物模型建立与表型分析

评估CB1缺失对小鼠体重和脂肪分布的影响

使用CB1+/+和CB1−/−雄性小鼠,测量体重、肝脏、骨骼肌和脂肪垫重量。

2

线粒体呼吸链功能分析

检测CB1缺失对肝脏线粒体呼吸链复合物及超复合物的影响

分离肝脏线粒体,测定COX活性,并通过BN-PAGE和凝胶内活性染色分析复合物I、II、IV及超复合物。

3

氧化应激水平检测

评估CB1缺失导致的氧化应激程度

检测肝脏中H2O2和4-HNE水平,以及抗氧化酶(CATALASE、SOD2、GPX1)的表达。

4

线粒体质量控制机制评估

检测CB1缺失对线粒体生物发生、融合/分裂、mtDNA修复和自噬/线粒体自噬的影响

通过RT-qPCR和Western blot检测PGC1α、NRF1、TFAM、OPA1、MFN1、MFN2、DRP1、POL-γ、OGG1、APE1、PINK1、PARKIN等蛋白和mRNA表达。

5

线粒体未折叠蛋白反应(UPRmt)检测

验证CB1缺失是否激活UPRmt及UPRER通路

通过Western blot检测UPRmt相关蛋白(LONP1、CLPP、TRAP1、ATF4、ATF5、CHOP)和UPRER蛋白(P-PERK、P-eIF2α)。

研究方法

按研究目的归类文中使用的方法,便于定位所需技术。

产品清单

实验环节名称品牌货号
异氟烷Piramal Healthcare--
乙醇Sigma-Aldrich--
UC6超薄切片机Leica--
EM208S PHILIPS透射电子显微镜FEI-Thermo Fisher--
Megaview III SIS相机Olympus/EMSIS--
过氧化氢检测试剂盒Abcam102500
4-HNE ELISA试剂盒Abcam287803
BioTek Synergy H1酶标仪Agilent--
Oroboros 2k氧电极OROBOROS INSTRUMENTS--
DC法(Bio-Rad)Bio-Rad Laboratories--
Potter-Elvehjem匀浆器Heidolph Instruments--
总OXPHOS抗体Abcamab110413
抗PGC1α抗体MilliporeAB3242
抗NRF1抗体Abcamab34682
抗TFAM抗体Santa Cruz Biotechnologysc-166965
抗OPA1抗体Abcamab157457
抗DRP1抗体Cell Signaling5391
抗MFN2抗体Abcamab56889
抗MFN1抗体Abcamab126575
抗APEX1抗体Novus BiologicalsNB100-116
抗OGG1抗体Novus BiologicalsNB100-106
抗POL-γ抗体Santa Cruz Biotechnologysc-5931
抗PARKIN抗体Cell Signaling4211
抗PINK1抗体Abcamab186303
抗AMBRA1抗体Cell Signaling24907
抗FUNDC1抗体ABclonalA16318
抗P-ULK (Ser555)抗体Cell Signaling5869
抗ULK1抗体Cell Signaling8054
抗LC3B抗体Santa Cruz Biotechnologysc-376404
抗SQSTM1/p62抗体Cell Signaling5114
抗CATALASE抗体Sigma AldrichC0979
抗SOD2抗体Abcamab68155
抗GPX1抗体GeneTexGTX03346
抗P-PERK (Thr980)抗体Cell Signaling3179
抗PERK抗体Cell Signaling3192
抗P-eiF2α抗体Cell Signaling3398
抗eiF2α抗体Cell Signaling2103
抗LONP1抗体ABclonalA4293
抗CLPP抗体ABclonalA3214
抗TRAP1抗体ABclonalA2748
抗ATF5抗体ABclonalA3563
抗ATF4抗体ABclonalA18687
抗CHOP抗体ABclonalA0221
抗VDAC抗体GeneTexGTX114187
抗B-ACTIN抗体Bioss Antibodiesbs-0061R
山羊抗兔IgG(HRP)Abcamab97051
山羊抗小鼠IgG(HRP)Abcamab97023
Chemi Doc XRS+化学发光成像系统Bio-Rad--
QIAzol裂解液QIAGEN79306
miRNeasy小型试剂盒QIAGEN217084
SuperScript IV逆转录酶Invitrogen18090010
IQ SYBR Green超混液Bio-Rad--
脱脂奶粉Serva42590.01

关键环节

汇总复现实验时建议重点确认的条件及原文阅读提示。

环节核对要点
动物模型
CB1基因敲除小鼠(CB1−/−)及其野生型对照(CB1+/+),背景为CD1,雄性,3-5月龄,n=5/组
阅读提示:Materials and Methods, 2.1 Animals and animal care
线粒体功能检测
COX活性测定条件:1 mg/mL lubrol孵育30分钟,30 μM细胞色素C,4 μM鱼藤酮,0.5 mM DNP,10 mM丙二酸,pH 7.4,37°C
阅读提示:Materials and Methods, 2.5 Determination of cytochrome oxidase activity (COX)
呼吸链复合物分析
BN-PAGE样品制备:线粒体用10%十二烷基麦芽糖苷或4 g/g蛋白的毛地黄皂苷溶解
阅读提示:Materials and Methods, 2.6 Separation of respiratory complexes and supercomplexes
氧化应激检测
H2O2检测:肝脏40 mg,离心10,000g;4-HNE检测:肝脏500 mg,离心5,000g;使用Abcam试剂盒,具体编号见文中
阅读提示:Materials and Methods, 2.3 Measurement of H2O2 and 4-HNE
线粒体质量控制蛋白表达
蛋白提取使用RIPA缓冲液,抗体稀释比例见文中;RT-qPCR引物序列见2.9
阅读提示:Materials and Methods, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9