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        Less common disorders:P

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        3590
        佚名
         

         

        DISEASE AND CAUSES PATHOPHYSIOLOGY SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
        Paraphilia  
        • Psychosexual disorder
        Dependence on unusual behaviors or fantasies to achieve sexual excitement.
        • Exhibitionism
        • Fetishism
        • Frotteurism (rubbing against another person without his consent)
        • Pedophilia
        • Sexual masochism
        • Sexual sadism
        • Transvestic fetishism
        • Voyeurism
        Pediculosis  
        • Infestation by the lice parasite
        Ectoparasite attaches itself to the hair shaft with claws and louse feeds on blood several times daily; resides close to the scalp to maintain its body temperature. Itching may be due to an allergic reaction to louse saliva or irritability.
        • Itching
        • Eczematous dermatitis
        • Inflammation
        • Tiredness
        • Irritability
        • Weakness
        • Lice present in hair (head, axilla, and pubic)
        Penile cancer  
        • Preceded by chronic irritation, condylomata acuminata, uncircumcised
        Neoplasms may be benign or malignant; latter are usually squamous cell carcinomas.
        • Painless ulcerations on the glans or foreskin
        • Discharge
        • Small, warty plaque
        Pheochromocytoma  
        • Polyglandular multiple endocrine neoplasia
        Tumor of the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla that causes an increased production of catecholamines.
        • Hypertension
        • High blood sugar
        • High lipid levels
        • Headache
        • Palpitations
        • Sweating
        • Dizziness
        • Constipation
        • Anxiety
        Pituitary tumor  
        • Cause unknown
        Tumors are usually macroadenomas with self-secreting thyroid-stimulating hormone.
        • Signs of hyperthyroidism without skin and eye manifestations
        • Goiters
        • High free thyroxine levels
        Plague  
        • Infection due to Yersinia pestis
        Acute infection transmitted by a flea bite from an infected rodent.
        • Painful, inflamed buboes
        • Hemorrhagic or necrotic areas
        • Sudden high fever
        • Myalgia
        • Delirium
        • Prostration
        • Restlessness
        • Toxemia
        • Staggering gait
        Pleurisy  
        • Several causes including lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and tuberculosis
        Inflammation of the pleura with exudation into the cavity and lung surface.
        • Chilliness
        • Stabbing chest pain
        • Fever
        • Suppressed cough
        • Pallor
        • Dyspnea
        Pneumoconioses  
        • Inhalation of dust particles, usually in an occupational setting
        Chronic and permanent disposition of particles in the lungs causes a tissue reaction, which may be harmless or destructive.
        • Critical exposure
        • Emphysema
        • Shortness of breath
        • Cough
        • Fatigue
        • Weakness
        • Weight loss
        Polycythemia vera  
        • Cause unknown; possibly due to a multipotential stem cell defect
        Increased production of RBCs, neutrophils, and platelets inhibits blood flow to microcirculation, resulting in intravascular thrombosis. Usually no symptoms in early stages.
        In later stages, related to expanded blood volume and system affected:
        • Weakness, headache, light-headedness, visual disturbances, and fatigue
        • Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly
        Polymyositis  
        • Cause unknown; may be due to viral or autoimmune reaction
        Damage of skeletal muscle by an inflammatory process dominated by lymphocytic infiltration leads to progressive muscle weakness.
        • Proximal muscle weakness, dysphonia, dysphagia, and regurgitation
        • Polyarthralgias, joint effusions, and Raynaud's phenomenon
        • Rash associated with muscular pain, tenderness, and induration
        Porphyrias  
        • Due to inherited or acquired disorders of specific enzymes in heme biosynthetic pathway
        Biosynthesis of heme is affected by metabolic disorders that causes excessive production and excretion of porphyrins or their precursors.
        • Nonspecific symptoms, generally abdominal pain, neurologic symptoms, tachycardia, hypertension, muscle weakness, and skin lesions
        Postherpetic neuralgia  
        • Complication of the chronic phase of herpes zoster
        Varicella virus in ganglia of the posterior nerve roots reactivates, multiplies, and spreads down the sensory nerves to the skin.
        • Intractable neurologic pain lasting over 6 weeks after disappearance of herpes zoster rash
        Proctitis  
        • Contributing factors that allow the normal mucosa to break down include trauma, infection, allergies, radiation, stress, and sexually transmitted diseases
        Acute or chronic inflammation of the rectal mucosa.
        • Mild rectal pain, mucous discharge, bleeding, feeling of rectal fullness, and tenesmus
        Pseudogout  
        • Cause unknown; associated with conditions that cause degenerative or metabolic changes in cartilage
        Calcium pyrophosphate crystals deposit in periarticular joint structures.
        • Sudden joint pain and swelling in larger peripheral joints; mimics other form of arthritis
        Ptosis  
        • Due to congenital (autosomal dominant trait or anomaly) or acquired (age, mechanical, myogenic, neurogenic, or nutritional) factors
        Stretching of eyelid skin or aponeurotic tendon causes upper eyelid to droop. Lesion affects innervation of either of two muscles that open the eyelid.
        • Drooping of upper eyelid
        Pyloric stenosis  
        • Congenital; cause unknown
        Pyloric sphincter muscle fibers thicken and become inelastic, leading to a narrowed opening. The extra peristaltic effort that is necessary leads to hypertrophied muscle layers of the stomach.
        • Progressive nonbilious vomiting, leading to projectile vomiting at ages 2 to 4 weeks

         

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