Analysis, Monitoring, and Some Regulatory Implications

Pesticide analysis is generally conducted with one of two objectives: product analysis to determine the quantity of active ingredient in a manufactured product or formulation, or residue analysis to determine amounts of material resulting from application or use. In addition, the analysis may include elucidation of the composition and confirmation of the identity of the active ingredient, or its metabolites or alteration products. This summary of methods of characterization, analysis, and identification of biopestrcides is based on examples that range in composition from homogeneous macromolecules to whole organisms. Such diversity demands a variety of analytical approaches, and presents a challenge to the ingenuity of the analyst, often requiring the use of sophisticated instrumentation. Some regulatory topics have also been included in the discussion, because requirements for analytical data are specified by regulatory authorities when new materials are to be used in pest management. Such analytical data is essential for risk assessment and ensuring that adequate safeguards to protect human health and the environment are incorporated in applications of new technology.