植物生理

Transient expression in plants is a valuable tool for many aspects of functional genomics and promoter testing. It can be used both to over-express and to silence candidate genes. It is also scaleable and provides a viable alternative to microbial fermentation and animal cell culture for the pr ...

This chapter provides an overview of the main steps in the process to produce stably transformed plants. Most transformation methods use tissue culture to recover adult plants from regenerable explants and can be divided into three stages: (1) choice and preparation of explant tissue, (2) de ...

The BASC system provides tools for integrated mining and browsing of genetic, genomic and phenotypic data. The BASC demonstration server provides access to raw and analysed information for Brassica species and comparative information with Arabidopsis. We can use the tools within the B ...

Comparative genomics is an emerging and powerful approach to achieve crop improvement. Using comparative genomics, information from model plant species can accelerate the discovery of genes responsible for disease and pest resistance, tolerance to plant stresses such as drought, ...

To identify the genes and gene functions that underlie key aspects of legume biology, researchers have selected the cool season legume Medicago truncatula as a model system for legume research. The mission of the M. truncatula Consortium is to promote unrestricted sharing of data and inform ...

Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) is a powerful technique which yields a digital measure of gene expression through the sequencing of libraries of specific mRNA-derived fragments, namely SAGE tags. This chapter introduces the methods and software tools that are available for re ...

Massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS) is a technology capable of sequencing simultaneously almost all the DNA molecules in a sample. This technology is well suited for deep profiling of mRNA and small RNA by the sequencing of cDNA tags. A series of mRNA MPSS databases has been created fr ...

Nucleotide and protein sequence databases are major resources for biological and medical research. This chapter introduces the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Nucleotide Sequence Database, a comprehensive primary data archive for nucleic acid sequences, and G ...

Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) is a bioinformatics resource for understanding biological function from a genomic perspective. It is a multispecies, integrated resource consisting of genomic, chemical, and network information, with cross-references to numero ...

Metabolomics is the large-scale analysis of metabolites and as such requires bioinformatics tools for data analysis, visualization, and integration. This chapter describes the basic composition of chromatographically coupled mass spectrometry (MS) data sets used in metabo ...

Molecular genetic markers represent one of the most powerful tools for the analysis of genomes. Molecular marker technology has developed rapidly over the last decade, and two forms of sequence-based markers, simple sequence repeats (SSRs), also known as microsatellites, and single nu ...

Passport and phenotypic data on germplasm and breeding lines are available from worldwide sources in various electronic formats. These data can be collated into a single database format to enable strategic interrogation to make the best use of data for effective germplasm use and enhance ...

The Gene Ontology (GO) is an established dynamic and structured vocabulary that has been successfully used in gene and protein annotation. Designed by biologists to improve data integration, GO attempts to replace the multiple nomenclatures used by specialised and large biological k ...

The accurate identification of exons and introns that comprise a complete plant gene structure can be a time-consuming and challenging task. Novel Web-based tools facilitate the process by providing a convenient interface to current transcript evidence, and portals to relevant bioi ...

GenBank(R) is a comprehensive database of publicly available DNA sequences for more than 205,000 named organisms and for more than 60,000 within the embryophyta, obtained through submissions from individual laboratories and batch submissions from large-scale sequencing proje ...

The BioPerl toolkit provides a library of hundreds of routines for processing sequence, annotation, alignment, and sequence analysis reports. It often serves as a bridge between different computational biology applications assisting the user to construct analysis pipelines. T ...

The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) provides a data-rich environment in support of genomic research by collecting the biological data for genomes, genes, gene expressions, gene variation, gene families, proteins, and protein domains and integrating the data w ...

With the completion of the genome sequences of the model plants Arabidopsis and rice, and the continuing sequencing efforts of other economically important crop plants, an unprecedented amount of genome sequence data is now available for large-scale genomics studies and analyses, such ...

The Munich Institute for Protein Sequences (MIPS) has been involved in maintaining plant genome databases since the Arabidopsis thaliana genome project. Genome databases and analysis resources have focused on individual genomes and aim to provide flexible and maintainable data s ...

The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR) is a highly sophisticated, extensive, user friendly, Web-based resource for researchers working on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The main gateway to this resource is through TAIR’s homepage http://www.arabidopsis.org. It is a re ...