植物生理

We describe here a new tulip micropropagation method based on the cyclic shoot multiplication in presence of the thidiazuron (TDZ), which enables the production of virus-free stock plants, speeds up breeding, and provides new genotypes for the market. In our novel protocol, cyclic shoot mul ...

Procedures for somatic embryogenesis (SE) in in vitro culture of spring snowflake have been developed from different types of explants like scales and leaves isolated from bulbs, ovaries and fruits. Various plant growth regulators were tested including a cytokinin – benzyladenine (BA) ...

In this chapter, we describe a robust method for the micropropagation of Australian fan flower, Scaevola, a native plant increasingly being used in the ornamental horticulture industry. Shoot segments from different species of Scaevola can be successfully multiplied following this ...

The genomic era revolutionized evolutionary population biology. The ecological genomics of the wild progenitors of wheat and barley reviewed here was central in the research program of the Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, since 1975 (http://evolution.haifa.ac.il). We e ...

Marigold (Tagetes erecta) is an Asteraceous plant of industrial, ornamental and medicinal importance. Tagetes erecta species, popularly known as marigold, is grown as ornamental plant and is adapted to several agro climates. Inflorescences have been utilized as pigment source for fo ...

Sequence data is crucial to our understanding of crop growth and development, as differences in DNA sequence are responsible for almost all of the heritable differences between crop varieties and ecotypes. The sequence of a genome is often referred to as the genetic blueprint, and is the founda ...

Molecular genetic markers represent one of the most powerful tools for the analysis of plant genomes and the association of heritable traits with underlying genetic variation. Molecular marker technology has developed rapidly over the last decade, with the development of high-thro ...

The study of plant genomics today in crop species that provide food, fibre, feed and energy is deeply rooted in earlier studies on model species. Model species are often diploid, with few chromosomes, small genomes and can be manipulated via plant transformation. Some model species include Arab ...

Genetic linkage maps represent the order of known molecular genetic markers along a given chromosome for a given species. This provides an insight into the organisation of a plant genome. In comparative genomics, synteny is the preserved order of genes on chromosomes of related species which ...

Large insert libraries are valuable tools for the positional cloning of genes of interest, physical mapping of chromosomes, comparative genomics, and molecular breeding. There are five types of large DNA insert libraries: cosmid, yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs), bacteriopha ...

The term ‘Proteomics’ was introduced in 1997 to describe a growing interest in the study of the proteome – the expressed protein set of an organism. As this new discipline evolved, it quickly became obvious that proteomics would be a very complex and ambitious undertaking, perhaps even more so than ge ...

Transcript abundance data from cRNA hybridizations to Affymetrix microarrays can potentially be used to identify genetic markers to facilitate high-throughput genotyping. We have shown that it is easily possible to use the information from Affymetrix expression arrays to accur ...

The essence of meristem-tip culture is the excision of the organized apex of the shoot from a selected donor plant for subsequent in vitro culture. The conditions of culture are regulated to allow only for organized outgrowth of the apex directly into a shoot, without the intervention of any advent ...

Elite strawberry plants can only be multiplied by a vegetative method. This explains the great dissemination of parasites, such as viruses, mycoplasmas, nematodes, soil fungi, and tarsonems, which are transmitted directly or indirectly to the descendants. The impossibility of effic ...

Germplasm conservation is an important goal in the preservation of genetic diversity. Conventional methods, such as field and seed conservation, are used for most crops, although nonconventional methods, such as tissue culture and cryopreservation, have been used to support those me ...

The biotechnological improvement of rice is largely dependent on the maintenance of dedifferentiated cultures as either callus and/or suspension cultures. For example, the production of transgenic plants of rice (Oryza sativa L.) either by direct DNA uptake into protoplasts or by par ...

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a perennial shrub of the same family, the Euphorbiaceae, as castor bean (Ricinus communis) and rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). It is grown for its starch-containing tuberized roots, which are used for human consumption, as animal feed, and as raw materi ...

Barley is an important crop both for brewing and for animal feed. In addition to conventional breeding, in vitro culture is a useful technology for the improvement of barley quality. For example, a number of methods for barley anther and microspore culture have been published for the production of d ...

Embryogenic suspension cultures provide the most widely employed source of totipotent cells for protoplast isolation in rice (Oryza sativa L.), since mesophyll-derived protoplasts of this important cereal rarely undergo sustained mitotic division leading to the production of ...

Methods for clonal propagation of the two major morphological groups of orchids, i.e., sympodials and monopodials, are presented. The first group, sympodials, includes such genera as Cymbidium, Cattleya, Dendrobium, and Oncidium. They are characterized by a multibranching rhizome t ...